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Title: Arthur, Copied And Edited From The Marquis of Bath's MS A Short Sketch of His Life and History in English Verse of the First Half of the Fifteenth Century

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Editor: Frederick J. Furnivall

Release Date: October 10, 2005 [EBook #16845]

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Arthur

A Short Sketch of His Life and History in English Verse of the First Half of the Fifteenth Century

Copied and Edited From the Marquis of Bath's MS.

by

Frederick J. Furnivall, M.A., Camb.

Editor of De Borron's and Lonelich's "History of the Holy Graal," Walter Map's "Queste Del Saint Graal," Etc. Etc.

London: Published for the Early English Text Society, by Trübner & Co., 60, Paternoster Row. MDCCCLXIV

Contents

Preface Arthur Words Notes

Preface

As one of the chief objects of the Early English Text Society is to print every Early English Text relating to Arthur, the Committee have decided that this short sketch of the British hero's life shall form one of the first issue of the Society's publications. The six hundred and forty-two English lines here printed occur in an incomplete Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Britain, bound up with many other valuable pieces in a MS. belonging to the Marquis of Bath. The old chronicler has dealt with Uther Pendragon, and Brounsteele (Excalibur), and is narrating Arthur's deeds, when, as if feeling that Latin prose was no fit vehicle for telling of Arthur, king of men, he breaks out into English verse,

"Herkeneþ, þat loueþ honour, Of kyng Arthour & hys labour."

The story he tells is an abstract, with omissions, of the earlier version of Geoffry of Monmouth, before the love of Guinevere for Lancelot was introduced by the French-writing English romancers of the Lionheart's time (so far as I know), into the Arthur tales. The fact of Mordred's being Arthur's son, begotten by him on his sister, King Lot's wife, is also omitted; so that the story is just that of a British king founding the Round Table, conquering Scotland, Ireland, Gothland, and divers parts of France, killing a giant from Spain, beating Lucius the Emperor of Rome, and returning home to lose his own life, after the battle in which the traitor whom he had trusted, and who has seized his queen and his land, was slain.

"He that will more look, Read on the French book,"

says our verse-writer: and to that the modern reader must still be referred, or to the translations of parts of it, which we hope to print or reprint, and that most pleasantly jumbled abstract of its parts by Sir Thomas Maleor, Knight, which has long been the delight of many a reader,--though despised by the stern old Ascham, whose Scholemaster was to turn it out of the land.--There the glory of the Holy Grail will be revealed to him; there the Knight of God made known; there the only true lovers in the world will tell their loves and kiss their kisses before him; and the Fates which of old enforced the penalty of sin will show that their arm is not shortened, and that though the brave and guilty king fights well and gathers all the glory of the world around him, yet still the sword is over his head, and, for the evil that he has done, his life and vain imaginings must pass away in dust and confusion.

Of the language of the Poem there is little to say: its dialect is Southern, as shown by the verbal plural th, the vyve for five, zyx for six, ych for I, har (their), ham (them), for her, hem; hulle, dude, ȝut, for hill, did, yet, the infinitive in y (rekeny), etc. Of its poetical merits, every reader will judge for himself; but that it has power in some parts I hope few will deny. Arthur's answer to Lucius, and two lines in the duel with Frollo,

"There was no word y-spoke, But eche had other by the throte,"

are to be noted. Parts of the MS. have very much faded since it was written some ten or twenty years before 1450, so that a few of the words are queried in the print. The MS. contains a few metrical points and stops, which I have here printed between parentheses (). The expansions of the contractions are printed in italics, but the ordinary doubt whether the final lined n or u--for they are often undistinguishable--is to be printed ne, nne, or un, exists here too.

I am indebted to Mr. Sims, of the Manuscript Department of the British Museum, for pointing out the Poem to me, and to the Marquis of Bath for his kind permission to copy it for printing.

3, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, London, W.C., August 30, 1864.

Arthur [pg 1]

From the Marquis of Bath's MS.

BEF. 1450 A.D.

[The Latin side notes in italics, and the stops of the text in parentheses (), are those of the MS.]

Herkeneþ, þat loueþ honour, [Fol. 42b] Of kyng Arthour & hys labour; How Arthur And furst how he was bygete, was begotten As þat we in bokis do rede. 4 by Pendragon Vther pendragone was hys fader, on Ygerne. And ygerne was hys Moder. Pendragone ys in walysche Pendragon 'Dragones heed' on Englysche; 8 (t.i. Dragon's He maked ypeynted dragones two; Head) made Oon schold byfore him goo two painted Whan he went to batayle, dragons, Whan he wold hys foes sayle; 12 That other abood at wynchester, Euermore stylle there. and thence Bretones ȝaf hym þat Name, had his name. Vther Pendragone þe same, 16 For þat skyle fer & nere Euer-more hyt to here.

How Uther loved The Erles wyff of Cornewayle the Earl of He loued to Muche sanz fayle; 20 Cornwall's wife,

[Arthur Has the Round Table Made.]

Merlyn wyþ hys sotelnesse Turned vtheris lyknesse, And maked hym lyche þe Erl anone, And wyþ hys wyff (:) his wylle to done 24 In þe countre of Cornewelle: In þe Castel of Tyntagelle, and begat Arthur Thus vther, yf y schalle nat lye, in adultery. Bygat Arthour in avowtrye. 28 Whan vther Pendragone was deed, Arthur is Arthour anon was y-crowned; crowned, He was courteys, large, & Gent to alle puple verrament; 32 Beaute, Myȝt, amyable chere To alle Men ferre and neere; Hys port (;) hys ȝyftes gentylle is loved of all, Maked hym y-loved wylle; 36 Ech mon was glad of hys presence, And drade to do hym dysplesaunce; is strong A stronger Man of hys honde was neuer founde on any londe, 40 and courteous. As courteys as any Mayde:-- Þus wryteþ of hym þat hym a-sayde. [Fol. 42b, At Cayrlyone, wythoute fable, col. 2.] He makes the he let make þe Rounde table: 44 Round Table, And why þat he maked hyt þus, Þis was þe resoun y-wyss,-- that all at it Þat no man schulde sytt aboue other, might be equal. ne haue indignacioun of hys broþer; 48 And alle hadde (.)oo(.) seruyse, For no pryde scholde aryse For any degree of syttynge, Oþer for any seruynge:-- 52 Þus he kept þe table Rounde Whyle he leuyd on þe grounde. After his first After he hadde conquered skotlond conquests yrland & Gotland, 56

[He Fights Frollo for France.]

he lives twelve Þan leuyd he at þe best years in peace, twelf ȝeeris on alle reste Wyþoute werre (:) tylle at þe laste he þouȝt to make (.)a(.) nywe conqueste. 60 and then invades Into Fraunce wyþ gode counceyle France. he wolde weende (:) & hyt assayle, Þat Rome þo kept vnder Myght, Vnder Frollo (:) a worthy knyght 64 Þat fraunce hadde þo to kepe, To rywle, defende, & to lede. He beats Frollo Arthour and Frollo fouȝt in feld; back to Paris, Þere deyde many vnder scheld. 68 Frollo in-to Paryss fly, Wyth strenkthe kept hyt wysely: and there Arthour byseged þat Syte & town besieges him, Tylle þeire vytayl was y-doon. 72 till Frollo Frollo þat worthy knyght challenges him Proferyd wyth Arthour for to fyght to single combat. Vnder þis wyse & condicioun,-- "Ho hadde þe Maystrie (:) haue þe crown; 76 And no mo men but þey two." They fight: Þe day Was sett (:) to-geder þey go: Fayr hyt was to byholde In suche two knyȝghteȝ bolde: 80 Þer was no word y-spoke, But eche hadde other by þe þrote; Þey smote wyth trounchoun & wyth swerd; Þat hyt seye were a-ferd; [Fol. 43.] 84 Frollo fouȝt wyþ hys ax (:) as men dude se; (Frollo with his He hytt Arthour (:) so sore (:) þat he felle on kne. axe) He ros vp raply (:) and smot hym fulle sore; He dude hym to grent a (.) soueȝ[1] þerfore. 88 thus they hyw on helmes hye, [1. ? soneȝ] And schatered on wyþ scheldes. Þe puple by-gan to crye Þat stood on þe feldes; 92

[Arthur Returns Victorious to Britain,]

till Arthur in ther ne wyst no man, as y can lere, wrath takes Who of ham two was þe bettere þere. Brownsteel, Arthour was chafed & wexed wrothe, Caliburnus He hente brounsteelle | and to Frollo gothe 96 Arthuri Gladius Brounstelle was heuy & also kene; [with a sketch Fram þe schulder(:) to þe syde went bytwene thereof in the Off frollo | and þan he fell to þe grounde MS.] and strikes Ryȝt as he moste | deed(.) in lyte stounde. 100 Frollo dead. Frensche men made doelle & wept fulle faste; Þeir Crowne of fraunce þere þey loste. Arthur takes Than wente Arthour in-to paryse Paris. And toke þe castelle & þe town at hys avyse. 104 Worschuped be god of hys grete grace Glory to God. Þat þus ȝeueþ fortune(:) and worschup to þe Reme; Thanke ȝe hym alle þat beþ on þis place, Say ye a Pater And seyeþ a Pater noster wythout any Beeme. 108 Noster therefore. Pater noster.

Arthour fram paryse went wyth hys Rowte, Arthur conquers And conquered þe Countre on euery syde aboute; the countries Angeoy[2] , Peytow, Berry, & Gaskoyne, around, Nauerne, Burgone | Loreyn & Toreyne; 112 He daunted þe proude | & hawted þe poure; He dwelt long in Paryss after in honoure; He was drad and loued in countreis abowte; Heyest & lowest hym Loved & alowte; 116 And vpon an Estour tyme sone afterward He fested hys knyghtis & ȝaf ham gret reward; distributes To hys styward he ȝaf Angers & Aungeye; them among his To Bedewer hys botyler he ȝaf Normandye; 120 knights, He ȝaf to Holdyne flaundrys parde; To Borel hys Cosyn, Boloyne þe cyte; And eche man, after þe astat þat he was, He rewarded hem alle, boþe More & lasse, 124 and returns to And ȝaf hem reward, boþe lond and Fee, Britain. And turned to Breteyn, to Carlyone ayhe.

[And then Holds a Great Feast.]

Arthour wolde of honour [Fol. 43b, Arthur gives an Hold a fest at Eestour col. 1.] 128 Easter Feast Of regalye & worthynesse, And feede alle hys frendess; And sende Messanger To kynges ferre & neer 132 Þat were to hym Omager, to come to þis Dyner. And alle at oo certeyn day They come þyder in gode aray, 136 And kept þeire Cesone at Carlyon, At þe Castelle Cayrlyone. greater than ere Thys fest was Muche Moore before. Þan euere Arthour made a-fore; 140 Ten kings were For þere was Vrweyn þe kynge there, Of scottes at þat dynynge, Stater þe kyng of south wales, Cadwelle þe kyng of north waleȝ, 144 Gwylmar þe kyng of yrland, Dolmad þe kyng of guthland, Malgan of yselond also, Archyl of Denmarch þerto, 148 Alothe þe kyng of Norwey, Souenas þe kyng of Orkenye, Of Breteyn þe kyng Hoel, and thirteen Cador Erl of Cornewelle, 152 earls Morice þe Erl of Gloucestre, Marran Erl of Wynchestre, Gwergound Erl of herford, Booȝ Erl of Oxenford, 156 (including him Of bathe vngent þe Erl also, of Bath), Cursal of Chestre þer-to, Euerad Erl of salesbury[3], Kynmar Erl of Canterbury, 160 Jonas þe Erl of Dorcestre,

[Arthur's Guests at Cayrlyone.]

Valence þe Erl of sylchestre, Jugeyn of Leyccer [?] þerto, Argal of warwyk also,-- 164 Kynges & Erles Echon with many other Þes were; & many anoþer goom gentles great, Gret of astaat, & þe beste, Þes were at þe Feste. 168 Other also gentyls grete Were þere at þat Meete, Sauer appon Donand, Regeym & Alard, 172 Reyneȝ fitȝ Colys, Tadeus fitȝ Reis, Delyn fitȝ Dauid, Kymbelyn le fitȝ Gryffith, 176 Gryffitȝ þe Sone of Nagand, Þes were þere also theoband: besides the Alle þes were þere wythoute fable, Round Tablers, Wythoute ham of þe rounde table. 180 Archbishops, Thre archebusschopes þer were also, Bishops, And other busschopes many mo-- Alle þis mayne were nat al-oone; Wyth ham com many a Goome. 184 Þis feste dured dayes þre In reuelle & solempnite. and many from Of by ȝonde þe See also beyond the sea. Many lordez[?] were þere þo. 188 Now resteþ alle wyþ Me, And say a Pater & Ave.

Pater noster.

The þrydde day folowyng Then coom nywe tydynge, 192 Þe whyle þey sete at þe Mete To the feasters Messagers were In ylete; came messengers Welle arayd forsoþe þey come, from the & send fram cite of Rome 196

[Lucius's Message to Arthur.]

Roman Emperor, Wyþ lettres of þe Emperoures lucius. Whas name was Lucies. Þes lettres were opened & vnfold, And þe tydynge to alle men told, 200 Whas sentence, yf y ne lye, Was after þat y can aspye: Litera Lucii ¶ Lucius þe grete Emperour imperatoris. To hys Enemy Arthour:-- 204 We woundereþ of þi wodeness And also of þy Madnesse! How darst þow any wyse saying, that to Aȝenst the Emperour þus aryse, 208 have invaded And ryde on Remes on eche wey, France, etc., and And make kyngeȝ to þe obey? made kings, Þu art wood on þe Nolle! Arthur must be Þu hast scley owre cosyn frolle; 212 mad in his noll; Þu schalt be tawȝt at a schort day [Fol. 44, for to make suche aray. col. 1.] Oure cosyn Iulius cesar Somme tyme conquered þar; 216 that he must pay To Rome þu owest hys trybut; his tribute, We chargeþ þe to paye vs hyt. Thy pryde we wolle alaye Þat makest so gret aray: 220 We commandeþ þe on haste To paye owre trybut faste; Þu hast scley frolle in fraunce Þat hadde vnder vs þere gouernaunce, 224 And wyþholdest oure tribute þerto: Þu schalt be tawȝt þu hast mysdo: We commandeþ þe in haste soone and come to Þat þu come to vs at Rome 228 Rome to be To vnderfang oure ordynaunce punished for For þy dysobediaunce; his disobedience. As þu wold nat leze þy lyf, Fulfylle þys wythoute stryff." 232

[Arthur's Answer to Lucius.]

The Britons When þis lettre was open & rad; purpose to kill Þe bretouns & alle men were mad, the messengers, And wolde þe messager scle:-- but Arthur "Nay," seyd Arthour, "per de, 236 forbids it, That were aȝenst alle kynde, A messager to bete or bynde; y charge alle men here for to make ham good chere." 240 And after Mete sanz fayl Wyþ hys lordes he hadde counsayl; And alle asented þer to, and resolves to Arthour to Rome scholde go; 244 invade Rome. And þey ne wolde in hys trauayle Wyþ strenkþ & good neuer fayle. Than Arthour wroot to Rome a lettre, Was sentence was somm-what byttere, 248 And sayde in þis manere As ȝe may hure here:--

Litera Regis "Knoweþ welle ȝe of Romayne, Arthuri. Y am kyng Arthour of Bretayne. 252 Arthur's answer Fraunce, y haue conquered hyt, to the Emperor Y schalle defende & kepe hyt Ȝut, [Fol. 44, Lucius, Y come to Rome, as y am tryw, col. 2.] claiming tribute To take my trybut (.) to me dywe, 256 from him. But noon þere-for to paye, By my werk ȝe schalle asay; For þe Emperour Constantyne Þat was þe Soone of Elyne, 260 Þat was a Bretone of þis lond, Conquered Rome wyth hys hond, And so ȝe oweþ me tribut: Y charge ȝow þat ȝe pay me hyt. 264 Also Maximian kyng of Bretaigne Co[n]quered al fraunce & Almayne, Lombardye Rome & ytalye--

[The Messenger's Report of Arthur.]

By ȝoure bokis ȝe may a-spye. 268 Y am þeir Eyr & þeyre lynage, Y aske ȝow my trywage."

Þis lettre was celyd fast, Y-take the Messagerez on hast; 272 Arthour ȝaf ham ȝyftez grete, And chered ham wyþ drynk and Mete. Lucius's Þey hasted ham to come hoom; messengers Byfor þe Emperour þey beþ coom; 276 return to him. Saluted hym as resoun ys, And toke hym þes letterys. Þey seyde to þe Emperour "We have be wyþ kyng Arthour; 280 But such anoþer as he ys oon, Say neuer no Man. He ys serued on hys howshold Wyþ kynges, Erles, worthy & bold; 284 Hys worthynesse, sur Emperour, Passeþ Muche alle ȝowre; and give him He seyde he wolde hyder come Arthur's message. And take trywage of alle Rome, 288 We dowteþ last he wel do soo, For he ys Myghty ynow þer-too." Now, erst þan we goo ferþer, Every man þat ys here 292 Sey a Pater noster And ave wyþ gode chere; Amen.

Pater noster

Ave Maria.

Now stureth hym self Arthour [Fol. 44b.] Þenkyng on hys labour, 296 Arthur prepares And gaderyþ to hym strenghth aboute, for his Hys kynges & Erles on a rowte-- expedition A fayr syȝt to Mannes ye to Rome. to see suche a cheualrye,-- 300

[The Number of Arthur's Host.]

Has five kings, The kyng of Gotland, Also þe kyng of Irland, the kyng of ysland | & of Orkenye, Þis was worthy Maynye; 304 The kyng of Denmark also was þere, Þis was a worthy chere: Eche of þese vyve at her venyw Brouȝt zyx þousand at har retenyw; 308 with 30,000men, xxx{ti} þowsand, ych vnderstand, Þes vyf kyngis hadde on honde. 80,000 Normans Than hadde he out of Normandye, and Of Angeoy & of Almanye, 312 Boloyne(.) Peytow & flaundres Fowre skore þowsand harneys-- 12,000 from Geryn of Chartez .xij. þowsand Chartres, þat went wyþ Artour euer at honde; 316 10,000 Bretons. Hoel of bretayn, þowsandez ten Of hardy & welle fyghtyng Men; Out of Bretaygne hys owne land and 40,000 He passed fourty þowsand 320 British: Of Archerys & off Arblastere Þat Cowþ welle þe craft of werre. ¶ In Foot other Many a Man Moo Able to feyght(:) as welle as þo: 324 in all 200,000. Two hunderd þousand Went wyþ hym out of lond, And Many moo sykerly That y can[4] not nombrye. [4. ? MS. y-tan.] 328 Arthour toke þan þe lond Britain is left To Moddredes owne hond; in Mordred's He kept al oþer þyng charge. Saue þo Corowne weryng; 332 But he was [fals] of hys kepynge, As ȝe schalle hure here folewynge. Arthur ships Now thanne ys Artour y-Come at Southampton, And hys Ost to Sowthamptone: 336

[The Giant that Ravished Fair Elayne.]

Ther was Many a Man of Myghte Strong & bold also to fyghte. Eche man hath take his schuppynge, And ys at hys loghynge. 340 Vp goþ þe sayl(:) þey sayleþ faste: Arthour owt of syȝt ys paste. Þe ferst lond þat he gan Meete, and lands at Forsoþe hyt was Bareflete; 344 Barfleet. Ther he gan vp furst aryve. Now welle Mote Arthour spede & thryve; God speed him! And þat hys saule spede þe better, Lat eche man sey a Pater noster. 348

Now god spede Artour welle! A new foe hym ys comyng a nyw batelle. appears, a Ther coom a gyant out of spayne, Spanish Giant, And rauasched had fayr Elayne; 352 He had brouȝt heore vp on an hulle-- Mornyng hyt ys to hure or telle-- Cosyn heo was to kyng hoell, A damesel fayr and gentelle; 356 And ȝut ferþermore to, who has slain He rauasehed heore Moder also. fair Elayne. He dude þe damesel for to dye for he myght not lygge heor bye. 360 Whan þis was told to Artour, He maked Much dolour, Arthur sends And send Bedewer for to spye Bedwere first How he myght come hym bye; 364 as a spy, And he was nat sclowh, But to þe hulle hym drowh Þat Closed was wyþ water stronge, Þe hulle a-Mydde gret & longe; 368 He went ouer to þe hulle syde, And þere a fonde a wommane byde Þat sorwedd & wept Mornynge

[Arthur's Fight with the Giant.]

For Eleynes deþ & departynge, 372 And bad Bedewer to fle also Last he were ded more to; "For yf þe Gyant fynde þe, Wythoute dowte he wylle þe scle." 376 Bedwer wyþ alle hastynge Tolde Arthour alle þis þynge. Amorwe whan þat hyt was day and then (with Arthour toke þyder hys way, 380 Bedwere and Key) Bedewer wyþ hym went, & keye,-- starts on his Men þat cowþe welle þe weye,-- [Fol. 45.] adventure. And broute Arthour Meyntenaunt, Euen byfore þe Gyant. 384 Arthour fowȝt wyþ þat wyght; He had almost ylost hys Myght: Wyþ Muche peyne, þruȝ goddez grace He kills the He sclowh þe Geant in þat place, 388 Giant, And þan he made Bedewere To smyte of hys heed þere. To þe Ost he dude hyt brynge, And þeron was gret woundrynge, 392 whose horrible Hyt was so oryble & so greet, head is shown to More þan any Horse heed. the host, Than hadde hoel Ioye ynowh For þat Arthour so hym sclowh; 396 And for a perpetuel Memorie and St. Mary's He Made a chapelle of seynt Marye Chapel is built In þe hulle vpon þe pleyne, in honour of the Wyþ-Inne þat (:) þe tumbe* of Eleyne; 400 victory. And þat name wyþoute nay [* tombe] Hyt bereþ ȝut in-to þis day. Now ys an ende of þis þynge, News of Lucius's And Artour haþ nyw tydynge,-- 404 approach is Lucy þe Emperour wyþ hys host brought, Comeþ fast in gret bost; Þey helyþ ouer alle þe lond,

[Arthur's Men-- Pray to God.]

with an army of Fowre hundred þowsand 408 400,124 men. An hunderd and foure & twenty, Thus herawdes dude ham rekeny; Thus he hadde gadered to hym Of cristien and of Sarasyn, 412 Wyþ alle hys wytt & labour To destroyen Arthour. Arthour dude wyselye, And hadde euer gode aspye 416 Of lucyes gouernynge And of hys þyder comynge; Some advise But somme seyde hyt were folye Arthur to To fyght aȝenst Emperour lucie, 420 turn and flee, For he hadde sepe[5] euere aȝenst oon, & counceyled Arthour to fle & goon. Wyþ þe Emperour come kynges Many oon, And alle þeire power hoolle & soom; 424 Stronger men Myȝt no man see, As fulle of drede as þey myght be; But Arthour was not dysmayd, but he trusts He tryst on god, & was wel payd, 428 in God, And prayd þe hye trynyte Euer hys help forto be; And alle hys Men wyþ oo voyse Cryde to god wyþ Oo noyse, 432 to whom his "Fader in heuene, þy wylle be doon; soldiers pray Defende þy puple fram þeire foon, And lat not þe heþone Men Destroye þe puple crystien: 436 Haue Mercy on þy se[r]uantis bonde, to keep them And kepe ham fram þe heþone honde; from the Þe Muchelnesse of Men sainfayle heathen's hands. Ys nat victorie in Batayle; 440

[The Battle Between Arthur and Lucius.]

But after þe wylle þat in heuene ys, So þe victorie falleþ y-wys." Arthur's Than seyd Arthour, "hyt ys so: "Forward!" Auaunt Baner, & be Goo." 444 Now frendes alle, for goddes loue, Rereþ ȝowre hertes to god aboue, And seyeþ ȝowre prayeris faste, Þat we welle spede furst & laste. 448

The emperour tryst on hys men, And þat haþ bygyled hym; Forsothe hyt most nedez be so, For þey beþ cursed þat welle hyt do, 452 Maledictus Suche alle myght comeþ of god; qui To tryst on hym, y hold hyt good. confidet in Lucye haþ pyght his paueloun homine. And sprad wyþ pryde his gunfanoun; 456 His claryouns blastes fulle grete blywe, Archeris schot(:) Men ouer-thrywe; The battle Bowes, arwes, & arblastere begins. Schot sore alle y-vere; 460 Quarels, arwes, þey fly smerte; Þe fyched Men þruȝ heed & herte; Axes, sperys, and gysarmes gret, Clefte Many a prowt Mannes heed: 464 Hors & steedes gan to grent, And deyde wyþ strokis þat þey hente; Many a man þere lost hys lyf, [Fol. 45b.] Many on was wedyw þat was wyff; 468 Men are wetshod Þere men were wetschoede with brains and Alle of Brayn & of blode; blood. Gret rywthe hyt was to seyn Þe feltes fulle of men y-scleyn; 472 Lucius is Lucy þe Emperour also was dede; slain, But ho hym sclowh, y can nat rede; He, for alle hys grete Renoun,

[Arthur Wins, and Buries the Dead.]

not able to Aȝenst Arthour hadde no fusoun, 476 stand against No more þan haue twenty schep Arthur. Aȝenst vyve wolfez greet. To god be euere alle honourez! The falde was hys & Arthourez. 480 Arthur sends Arthour, as he scholde done, Lucius's body Sende lucyes body to Rome; to Rome, Whan þe Romeynes say þis, Þo þey dradde Arthour & hys. 484 buries Bedwere Also he buryed Bedewere and others Hys frend and | hys Botyler, And so he dude other Echon in Abbeys, In Abbeys of Relygyoun 488 Þat were cristien of name; He dude to alle þe same; And dude for ham Masse synge wyth solempne song & offrynge, 492 And bood þere for to rest, and stays the Tylle þat wynter was past, winter, Boþe he (.) hys Men echone Seruyd god in deuocione, 496 thanking God Þankyng god of hys Myȝt Þat kepeþ hys seruauntez ryȝt, And suffreþ noon for to spylle for His honour Þat hym loueþ & tryste wylle: 500 to England. Þus worschup god dude certeyn [Of the To Englond, þat þo was Bretayn; difference Þe More Breteyn Englond ys-- between More As men may rede on Cronyclys-- 504 (or Great) Byȝend þe See Bretayne þer ys, Britain and Þat haþ hys name forsoþe of þis, Little Britain.] For þe kyng Maxymyan,-- Þe next after Octauyan,-- 508 He conquered alle Armoryk, And to þe Reme named hyt lyk: Armorica. Amorica on latyn me cl[e]ped þat lond,

[Of the Welsh and Stinking Saxons.]

Tyl Maxymyan co[n]queryd hyt wyth honde, 512 And called hyt lyte bretayne þan, So hyȝt þis lond þat he coom fram; Little Britain For perpetuelle Mynde of grete Bretayne is called after He called hyt lyte Bretayne, 516 Great Britain. Þat Men schulde kepe in Mynde & wytt How þis lond conqueryd hytt; For Walsche Men beþ Bretouns of kynde-- Know þat welle fast on Mynde-- 520 Englische men beþ Saxoynes, Þat beþ of Engistes Soones; There-fore þe walsch man Bretoun Seyþ & clepeþ vs "Sayson" 524 [ Þat ys to seye vpon a reess, "Stynking Saxoun, be on pees." ] How the Welshmen And seyþ (.) "taw or (.) peyd Sayson brount"[6] call the English Whan he ys wroth (;) or ellys drounke; "stinking Hauyng Mynde of Engystis Men Saxons." Þat wyth gyle sclow þeyre kyn: 528 At þe place of þe Stonehenge Ȝut þey þenkeþ for to venge: And þat hyt neuere be so, Seyþ a Pater noster more to. 532

Arthur is Now turne we to oure labour preparing to And lat vs speke of Arthour: cross the He cast on herte sone mountains to After þat to go to Rome, 536 Rome, And spak of Passage & hys wey Forth ouer Mount Ioye. when he hears And sone after vpon an owr of Mordred's He horde of Mordred the tretour 540 treachery; That hadde alle þis loud on warde--

[Of Mordred's Treachery and Arthur's Return.]

Euylle moot suche fare, and harde. Who may best bygyle a man But suche as he tryst vpon? 544 Þer ys no man wel nye, y tryste, Þat can be waar of hadde wyste.-- Mordred þis falss Man Muche sorw þo bygan; 548 He stuffed alle castelle Wyþ armyre & vytelle, And strenghthed hym on eche syde Wyth Men of countreys ferre & wyde: 552 how the traitor He toke þe qwene, Arthoureȝ wyff, had seized the Aȝenst goddes lawe & gode lyff, queen, his And putte heore to soiourne þo (Arthur's) wife, At Euerwyk: god ȝyf hym wo. 556 and put her at Yhork ys Euerwyk: York. & so me calleþ hyt. Arthur then comes Arthour aryved at Whytsond home, Wyth gret Myght & strong hond, 560 fights Mordred, And Mordred sainz fayl Ȝaf hym þo a strong batayl; Many a man, as y rede, Þat day was þere dede; 564 Arthoures nevew Waweyn and Gawain is Þat day was þere y-sclayn, slain. And oþer knyȝtes Many moo: Þan Arthour was heuy & woo. 568 Mordred flies Mordred fly toward Londoun; to London, He most not come in þe toun: Þan fled he to wynchester And wyth hys Maynee kep [?] hym þere; 572 And Arthour on gret haste Pursywed after hym faste. Mordred wythoute fayle and then to Fled in-to Cornewayle. 576 Cornwall. The qwene wyþoute lesyng

[Arthur's Last Battle with Mordred.]

Hurde of þis tydyng, And how Mordred was flow, And how to Cornewale he hym drow. 580 Heo of Mercy hadde noon hoope, The Queen Ther-for he dude on a Russet cote, turns nun at And to Carlyoun ys preuyly Rounne, Carlyon. And made heore self þo a Nounne; 584 Fro þat place neuer heo wende, But of heore lyf þere made an ende. Gawain Waweynes body, as y reede, And other lordes þat weere deede, 588 is buried in Arthour sente in-to skotlonde, Scotland. And buryed ham þere, y vnderstonde. Muche folke þerhenne he toke þo, Northern men Of Northumber-lond also 592 and others come Fram dyverse places to Arthour come to Arthur. Hys wylle to werk & to done: Thus he sembled a fulle gret Ost; To Cornewayle he draweþ hym fast 596 After þat Mordred þe traytour Þat hadde do hym Muche dyshonour. That tretour hadde gret strength And fulled þat lond on brede & lengthe, 600 He gives Mordred Suche a batelle as þere was redy þo battle. Hadde neuer Arthour byfore y-doo: They fowȝt tyl þer come doun bloode Bellum As a(.) Ryver or (.)a(.) flood; 604 arthuri apud Þey fowȝt euer sorest sadde; Camelertonum Men nyst ho þe betere hadde; in Cornubia. But at þe last Certeyn Mordred is slain: Was Mordred & alle hys y-sclayn; 608 Arthur wounded, And Arthour y-bete wyþ wounde, and carried to He Myght not stonde on grounde; Avelon, or But on lyter ryȝt anon Auelona .l. Was browȝt to Auelone, 612 insula pomorum Þat was a place fayr & Mury; Glastonia.

[Arthur is Buried At Glastonbury.]

Glastonbury, Now hyt hooteþ Glastyngbury. where he dies, Ther Arthour þat worthy kyng Maked hys lyues endyng; 616 But for he skaped þat batelle y-wys, Bretouns & Cornysch sayeþ þus, "Þat he leuyth ȝut parde, And schalle come & be a kyng aȝe." 620 At Glastyngbury on þe qweer and is buried Þey made Artourez toumbe þere, A.D. 542. And wrote wyth latyn vers þus, Hic iacet Arthurus rex quondam rex que futurus. 624 Thys was þus forsoþe ydone Anno domini Þe yheer after þe Incarnacione, quingentesimo Vyf hundred (.) fourty & two. quadragesimo Now saue vs alle fra woo 628 secundo. Ihesu cryst, heuenly kyng, & graunt vs alle hys blessyng; And þat hyt Moote so be, Seyeþ alle Pater & Aue. 632

Pater noster. Aue.

Ho þat wolle more loke, Read the French Reed on þe frensch boke, Book for the And he schalle fynde þere rest. Þynges þat y leete here. 636 But yf þat god wolle graunte grace, y schalle rehercy in þis place Alle þe kyngez þat after were, And what names [þ]at þey bere; 640 And ho þat wolle þeyre gestes loke, Reed on þe Frensche boke. Amen fiat.

[ FOOTNOTES

2. ? MS. perhaps Angecye.

3. The s is rubbed: the word may be "onlesbury."

5. sepe, ? for seue, seven. It is p not x (six) in the MS. But as Arthur had 200,000, and Lucius only 400,124, sepe should mean two.

6. Pughe's abridged Dictionary gives tau, v.a. be still; taw, s.m. and adj. quiet, silence, silent; paid, s.m. a cessation, quiet; bront, a. nasty, filthy, surly. Or, says Dr. Benj. Davies, you must take as equal to the modern Welsh wr, man, if it is not English; peyd is cease, pause; taw, be silent. ]

WORDS

a, he, l. 370. aspye, sb. espial, l. 416. ayhe, again, l. 126.

beeme, sb. ? noise, display, from A.S. béme, a trumpet, l. 108.

falde, l. 480, felt, l. 472; field. fusoun, gain, victory, l. 476. L. fusio, outpouring, plenty. fyched, pierced, l. 462.

goom, man, l. 166. gysarme, l. 463. Hallebarde, pique, hache. Roquefort.

hadde wyste, l. 546, had I known (how it would have turned out). See Nares, and the Poem "Beware of had-I-wyst," that he quotes. "Beware of had-I-wyst, whose fine bringes care and smart." hawted, exalted, l. 113. he, she, l. 582. helyth, cover, l. 407.

last, lest, l. 289. loghynge, lodging, l. 344. lynage, descendant, l. 269.

muchelnesse, sb. muchness, number and power, l. 439. mynde, remembrance, l. 527.

oo, one, l. 49.

sayle, assail, attack, l. 12. scley, slain, l. 212. skyle, sb. reason, l. 17. soueȝ (?), sough, moan, l. 88.

that, ye who, l. 1; those who, l. 42, 84. theoband (l. 178), is, I expect, miswritten for theodand; A.S. þeodan, to join; ge-þeod-an, to join, associate. therhenne, thence, l. 591. toke, gave, l. 329.

venge, have revenge, take vengeance, l. 530. verrament, truly, l. 32.

was, whose, l. 248. wood, wild, mad, l. 211.

ydoon, done, spent, l. 72. ylete, let, l. 194. ytake, taken to, given to, l. 272. y-vere, together, l. 460. ywyss, certainly, l. 46.

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