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Title: The Triads of Ireland

Author: Kuno Meyer

Release Date: March 17, 2010 [EBook #31672]

Language: English

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[Transcriber's note: Linenotes and Footnotes moved as close as possible to their applicable entry to facilitate readability.]

ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY

TODD LECTURE SERIES

VOLUME XIII.

KUNO MEYER, PH.D.

THE TRIADS OF IRELAND

[Illustration]

DUBLIN HODGES, FIGGIS, & CO., LTD. LONDON: WILLIAMS & NORGATE 1906

Printed by PONSONBY & GIBBS, Dublin University Press

CONTENTS

PAGE

PREFACE, v-xv

TEXT AND TRANSLATION, 1-35

GLOSSES AND NOTES, 36-43

INDEX LOCORUM, 45-46

INDEX NOMINUM, 46

GLOSSARY, 47-54

PREFACE

The collection of Irish Triads, which is here edited and translated for the first time, has come down to us in the following nine manuscripts, dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century:--

=L=, i.e. the Yellow Book of Lecan, a vellum of the end of the fourteenth century, pp. 414b--418a, a complete copy.

=B=, i.e. the Book of Ballymote, a vellum of the end of the fourteenth century, pp. 65b-66b (ends imperfectly).

=M=, i.e. the Book of H�i Maine, a vellum of the fourteenth century, fo. 190a[1]-fo. 191a[2]. A complete copy beginning: 'Ceand Erenn Ardmacha,' and ending: 'tri hurgairt bidh a caitheam d�escaidheadh (sic) a chaitheam iarna coir a caitheam gan altughudh.' Then follow proverbial sayings from the 'colloquy of Cormac and Cairpre,' such as: 'Dedhe ara ndligh gach maith domelar ithe [et] altugud. Anas deach gacha fleidhe a cainaltughudh [et] a mochdingbail. Caidhe deach samtha. Ni hansa. Gal gan forran. Deasgaidh codulta frislige,' &c., ending: 'deasgaidh aineolais imreasain. Ni d'agallaim Cormaic [et] Cairpre coruici sin.'

=Lec=, i.e. the Book of Lecan, a vellum of the fifteenth century. The leaves on which the Triads are found are now bound up with the codex H. 2. 17 belonging to Trinity College. It is a complete copy beginning on p. 183b: 'Ceand erenn Ardmacha,' and ending on p. 184b: 'ceitheora aipgitri baisi baig connailbi gell imreasain.'[1] =N=, i.e. 23. N. 10, a paper MS. written in the year 1575,[2] pp. 98-101. A complete copy, the gap between pp. 100 and 106 being made up by pp. 7a-10b of the vellum portion of the manuscript.

[1] By an oversight I have referred to this MS. sometimes by Lec and sometimes by H. In some cases both Lec and H will be found quoted in the variants. The same MS. is always meant.

[2] As appears from the following colophon on p. 101: 'Oraoit uaim ar do lebor a hOedh in c�dluan iar n-aurtach Johannes. Baile Tibhaird ar bla maige mo mendad scribne hi farrad Se(a)ain hi Maoilconari. Mese (Dubthach) do scrib in ball soin da derpiris [et] rl�. Anno domini 1575. Guroiuh maith agat.

=H=[Prime], i.e. H. 1. 15, pp. 946-957. This is a paper manuscript written by Tadhg Tiorthach O Neachtain in 1745. It is a complete copy, with copious glosses in Modern Irish, the more important of which are printed below on pp. 36-43. At the end O Neachtain has added the following:--'Tr� subhailce diadha: creidhemh, dothchus agus gr�dh. Tr� a n-aon: athair, mac, spiorad naomh, da raibh gloir, mola[dh] [et] umhlacht tre bith sior tug r� don bhochtan bocht so. Aniu an 15 do bhealltuine 1745. Tadhg O Nechtuin mac Seain a n-aois ceithre bliadhna d�ag et tr� fithchit roscriob na trithibh [.s]uas.'

These manuscripts have, on the whole, an identical text, though they all occasionally omit a triad or two; and the order of the single triads varies in all of them. They have all been used in constructing a critical text, the most important variants being given in the foot-notes. The order followed is in the main that of the Yellow Book of Lecan.

There are at least three other manuscripts containing copies of the Triads. One of them I discovered in the Stowe collection after the text had been printed off. It is a paper quarto now marked 23. N. 27, containing on fo. 1a-7b a copy of the Triads, followed on fo. 7b-19a by a glossed copy of the Tecosca Cormaic. It was written in 1714 by Domnall (or Daniel) O Duind mac Eimuinn. Its readings agree closely with those of N. In � 237, it alone, of all manuscripts, gives an intelligible reading of a corrupt passage. For cia fochertar im-muir, cia berthair hi tech fo glass dodeime a tiprait oca mb�, it reads: cia focearta im-muir, cia beirthear hi tech fo glass no do theine, dogeibther occan tiprait, 'though it be thrown into the sea, though it be put into a house under lock, or into fire, it will be found at the well.' In � 121 for cerdai it reads cerd; in � 139 it has rotioc and rotocht; in � 143 for gr�ss its reading is gr�s; in �153 it has aibeuloit for eplet; in � 217 tar a n-�isi for dia n-�isi; in � 218 lomradh(twice) for lobra and indlighidh for i n-indligud; in � 219 it has the correct reading �iric, and for dithechte it reads ditheacht; in � 220 it reads fri aroile for fria c�ile; in � 223 after ile it adds imchiana; in � 224 it reads gr�s brond .i. galar; in � 229 for meraichne it has mearaigheacht; in � 235 it has mhamus for m�m; in � 236 Maig Hi for Maig Lii; and for co ndeirgenai in dam de it reads co nderna in dam fria.

Another copy, written in 1836 by Peter O'Longan, formerly in the possession of the Earls of Crawford, now belongs to the Rylands Library, Manchester, where it was found by Professor Strachan, who kindly copied a page or two for me. It is evidently a very corrupt copy which I have not thought worth the trouble of collating.

Lastly, there is in the Advocates' Library a copy in a vellum manuscript marked Kilbride III. It begins on fo. 9b^2 as follows:--'Treching breath annso. Ceann Eirind Ardmacha.' I hope to collate it before long, and give some account of it in the next number of this series.

In all these manuscripts the Triads either follow upon, or precede, or are incorporated in the collections of maxims and proverbial sayings known as Tecosca Cormaic, Auraicept Morainn, and Senbr�athra F�thil, the whole forming a body of early Irish gnomic literature which deserves editing in its entirety. It is clear, however, that the Triads do not originally belong to any of these texts. They had a separate origin, and form a collection by themselves. This is also shown by the fact that the Book of Leinster, the oldest manuscript containing the Tecosca Cormaic (pp. 343a-345b), the Senbr�athra F�thail (pp. 345b-346a), and the Br�athra Moraind (pp. 346a-b), does not include them.

It is but a small portion of the large number of triads scattered throughout early Irish literature that has been brought together in our collection under the title of Trecheng breth F�ne, i.e., literally 'a triadic arrangement of the sayings of Irishmen.' I first drew attention to the existence of Irish triads in a note on Irish proverbs in my addition of the Battle of Ventry, p. 85, where a few will be found quoted. A complete collection of them would fill a small volume, especially if it were to include those still current among the people of Ireland, both among Gaelic and English speakers. I must content myself here with giving a few specimens taken at random from my own collections:--

Three kinds of martyrdom that are counted as a cross to man, i.e. white martyrdom, green martyrdom, and red martyrdom.--The Cambray Homily (Thesaurus Pal�ohibernicus, II., p. 246).

Three enemies of the soul: the world, the devil, and an impious teacher.--Colman maccu Beognae's Alphabet of Piety (Zeitschrift f�r celtische Philologie, III., p. 452).

Three things whereby the devil shows himself in man: by his face, by his gait, by his speech.--Ib., p. 453.

Three profitable labours in the day: praying, working, reading.--Regula Choluimb Cille (Zeitschr., III., p. 29).

Three laymen of Ireland who became monks: Beccan son of Cula, Mochu son of Lonan, and Enda of Arann.--Notes on the F�lire of Oengus (Henry Bradshaw Society, vol. xxix., p. 112).

Three chief artisans of Ireland: Tassach with Patrick, Conlaed with Brigit, and Daig with Ciaran.--Ib., p. 186.

Three poets of the world: Homer of the Greeks, Vergil of the Latins, Ruman of the Gaels.--Book of Leinster, p. 354b.

The three worst counsels that have been acted on in Ireland through the advice of saints: the cutting short of Ciaran's life, the banishment of Colum Cille, the expulsion of Mochuta from Rathen.--Notes on the F�lire of Oengus, p. 204, and Tripartite Life, p. 557.[3]

[3] Where for 'wrong stories' read 'wrong counsels' (sanasa s�eba).

This triad is thus versified in the Brussels MS. 5100:--

Teora saoba sanasa Leithe Cuind roc[h]aras-[s]a: Mochuda cona clamhra[i]d d'ionnarba a Rathain roghlain, cur Coluim Cille tar sal, timdibhe saeghail Ciar�in.

Three things there are for which the Son of living God is not grateful: haughty piety, harsh reproof, reviling a person if it is not certain.[4]

[4] LB., p. 225 marg. inf., and Brussels MS. 5100, fo. 86a:

Fuil tr� n� (a tr� Br.) don� (danach Br.) buidech mac D� b�: cr�bud �allach, coisced (coiccsed Br.) serb, �cnach duine mad inderb.

Three things there are for which the King of the sun is grateful: union of brethren, upright conversation, serving at the altar of God.[5]

[5] Edinburgh MS. xl, p. 28, and Brussels MS. 5100, fo. 86a:

Fuil tr�ide dianab buidech r� gr�ine: �enta br�thar, comr�d (fodail Ed.) cert, alt�ir D� do thimthirecht.

Woe to the three folk in horrid hell of great blasts: folk who practise poetry, folk who violate their orders, mercenaries.[6]

[6] LB., p. 236, marg. inf.:

Mairg na tr� lucht a n-iffirn �athmar anside: �es dogn� d�n, �es choilles gr�d, �es amsaine.

Three things there are which do not behove the poor of living God: ingratitude for his life whatever it be, grumbling, and flattery.[7]

[7] LB., p. 238, marg. inf.:

Fuil tr� n� n� dlegair do bocht D� b�: dimmda da bethaid cip�, cesacht ocus aib�le.

The following modern triads I owe to a communication from Dr. P.W. Joyce, who heard them in his youth among the people of Limerick:--

Three things to be distrusted: a cow's horn, a dog's tooth, and a horse's hoof.

Three disagreeable things at home: a scolding wife, a squalling child, and a smoky chimney.

The three finest sights in the world: a field of ripe wheat, a ship in full sail, and the wife of a Mac Donnell with child.[8]

[8] This triad comes from the Glynns of Antrim, the Mac Donnells' district.

In our collection an arrangement of the Triads in certain groups, according to their contents, is discernible. Thus, the first sixty-one--of which, however, the opening thirty-one are no Triads at all--are all topographical; and among the rest, those dealing with legal matters stand out clearly (�� 149-172).

When the collection was made we have no means of ascertaining, except from internal evidence, such as the age of the language, and a few allusions to events, the date of which we can approximately fix.

The language of the Triads may be described as late Old-Irish. Their verbal system indeed is on the whole that of the Continental glosses,[9] and would forbid us to put them later than the year 900. On the other hand, the following peculiarities in declension, in which all the manuscripts agree, make it impossible for us to put them much earlier than the second half of the ninth century.

[9] I may mention particularly the relative forms t�ite 167, b�te 127, ata 75, 76, 224, &c., berta (O. Ir. berte) 109, 110, f�chte (145), coillte (166), t�ite (167), aragellat (sic leg. with N) 171; the deponent neimthigedar 116, &c.; at�, 'I am' (104), and the use of the perfective ad- in conaittig 77, 78.

The genitive singular of i- and u-stems no longer shows the ending -o, which has been replaced throughout by -a.[10] Now, in the Annals of Ulster, which are a sure guide in these matters and allow us to follow the development of the language from century to century, this genitive in -o is found for the last time in A.D. 816 (r�tho, Ailello). Thence onward the ending -a is always found.

[10] r�tha 56, foglada 92, flatha 151, 248, 253; dara 4, 34; Ela 31, 35, 44 (cf. Lainne Ela, AU. 816); �tha 50, betha 82, 83, 249.

The place-name Lusca, 'Lusk,' is originally an n-stem making its genitive Luscan. This is the regular form in the Annals of Ulster till the year 880, from which date onward it is always Lusca (A.D. 916, 928, &c.). In our text (� 46) all the manuscripts read Lusca.

In slender io-stems the dative singular in Old-Irish ends in -iu. I find this form in the Annals of Ulster for the last time in A.D. 816 (Gertidiu). Thence onward it is always -i, as in our text (hi C�ailgni 43, d'uisci 64).

The nasal stem l�imm makes its nom. plur. l�immen in Old-Irish. In � 32 we find instead (tair-)leme. So also foimrimm makes its nom. plural foimrimme in � 163.

The word dorus is neuter in Old-Irish, making its nom. acc. plural either dorus or doirsea. In our text (�� 173, 174) the word is masculine, and makes its nom. plural doruis.

Druimm is an i-stem in Old-Irish, but in the later language passes into an n-stem. In � 51 we find the nom. pl. drommanna.

The neuter gr�d in � 166 makes its nom. plur. gr�da for O. Ir. gr�d.[11]

[11] The infinitive bith for O. Ir. buith (91), the dative cinn for O. Ir. ciunn (98, 135), the nom. pl. sligthi for O. Ir. sligid (which I have restored in � 49), the confusion between do and di (e.g. 83), and other details are probably due to the Middle-and Modern-Irish transcribers.

On linguistic grounds, then, I should say that our collection was made some time during the second half of the ninth century. That it cannot be dated earlier is also apparent from another consideration. Professor Zimmer has taught us to search in every ancient Irish text for indications of its having been composed either before or after the Viking period. I find no words from the Norse language in the Triads, or, if there are any, they have escaped me; but there are two distinct references to the Viking age. In � 232, a Viking in his hauberk (Gall ina l�irig) is mentioned as one of three that are hardest to talk to; and, in � 44, Bangor in Co. Down is called unlucky or unfortunate, no doubt, as the gloss says, because of the repeated plunderings and destruction of its monastery by the Norse during the early part of the ninth century (A.D. 823, 824).

In endeavouring to trace the origin of the Triad as a form of literary composition among the Irish, one must remember that it is but one of several similar enumerative sayings common in Irish literature. Thus the collection here printed contains three duads (124. 133. 134), seven tetrads (223. 230. 234. 244. 248. 251. 252), and one heptad (235). A whole Irish law-book is composed in the form of heptads;[12] while triads, tetrads, &c., occur in every part of the Laws.[13] Such schematic arrangements were of course a great aid to memory.

[12] See Ancient Laws of Ireland, vol, v., pp. 118-373.

[13] Thus in the first volume of the Laws we find duads on p. 228, 15; 294, 27; triads on p. 50, 9. 27; 230, 4; 264, 20; 288, 28; tetrads 40, 21; 54, 7; 64, 1; 240, 24; 256, 4, &c.; 272, 25; 274, 3, &c.; pentads 30, 21; 50, 32; 90, 29; 102, 6; hexads 68, 11; 248, 7: a heptad 134, 9; an ennead 16, 20.

If the Triad stood alone, the idea that it owes its origin to the effect of the doctrine of the Trinity upon the Celtic imagination might reasonably be entertained. The fact that this doctrine has led to many peculiar phenomena in Irish folklore, literature, and art has frequently been pointed out. Nor would I deny that the sacred character of the number three, together with the greater facility of composition, may have contributed to the popularity of the Triad, which is certainly the most common among the various numerical sayings as well as the only one that has survived to the present day.

However that may be, I believe that the model upon which the Irish triads, tetrads, pentads, &c., were formed is to be sought in those enumerative sayings--Zahlenspr�che, as the German technical term is--of Hebrew poetry to be found in several books of the Old Testament. I am indebted to my friend the Rev. Carl Gr�neisen for the following list of such sayings, which I quote in the Vulgate version.

DUADS AND TRIADS.

Ecclus. 23: 21, Duo genera abundant in peccatis, et tertium adducit iram et perditionem, &c.

Ib. 26: 25, In duobus contristatum est cor meum, et in tertio iracundia mihi advenit: 26 vir bellator deficiens per inopiam, et vir sensatus contemptus, 27 et qui transgreditur a iustitia ad peccatum, Deus paravit eum ad romphaeam.

Ib. 26: 28, Duae species difficiles et periculosae mihi apparuerunt: difficile exuitur negotians a neglegentia, et non iustificabitur caupo a peccatis labiorum.

TRIADS AND TETRADS.

Proverb. 30: 15, Tria sunt insaturabilia, et quartum quod nunquam dicit: sufficit. 16 Inferuns, et os vulvae, et terra quae non satiatur aqua; ignis vero nunquam dicit: sufficit.

Ib. 30: 18, Tria sunt difficilia mihi, et quartum penitus ignoro: 19 viam aquilae in caelo, viam colubri super petram, viam navis in medio mari, et viam viri in adolescentia.

Ib. 30: 21, Per tria movetur terra, et quartum non potest sustinere: 22 per servum cum regnaverit: per stultum cum saturatus fuerit cibo, 23 per odiosam mulierem cum in matrimonio fuerit assumpta, et per ancillam cum fuerit heres dominae suae.

Ib. 30: 29, Tria sunt quae bene gradiuntur, et quartum quod incedit feliciter: 30 leo fortissimus bestiarum, ad nullius pavebit occursum, 31 gallus succinctus lumbos, et aries, nec est rex qui resistat ei.

Ecclus. 26: 5, A tribus timuit cor meum, et in quarto facies mea metuit: 6 delaturam civitatis, et collectionem populi, 7 calumniam mendacem, super montem, omnia gravia, 8 dolor cordis et luctus mulier zelotypa.

A TETRAD.

Proverb. 30, 24: Quattuor sunt minima terrae, et ipsa sunt sapientiora sapientibus: 25 formicae, populus infirmus qui praeparat in messe cibum sibi, 26 lepusculus, plebs invalida qui collocat in petra cubile suum.

A HEXAD AND HEPTAD.

Proverb. 6. 16 Sex sunt quae odit Dominus, et septimum detestatur anima eius: 17 oculos sublimes, linguam mendacem, manus effundentes innoxium sanguinem, 18 cor machinans cogitationes pessimas, pedes veloces ad currendum in malum, 19 proferentem mendacia testem fallacem, et eum qui seminat intra fratres discordias.

AN ENNEAD.

Ecclus. 25, 9: Novem insuspicabilia cordis magnificavi, et decimum dicam in lingua hominibus, &c.

The question arises whether these biblical sayings were the direct source from which the Irish imitations are derived, or whether the Irish became acquainted with the numerical Proverb through the medium of Greek and Latin literature. As the Irish clerics ever since the days of St. Patrick were diligent students of the Bible, there would be nothing strange in the former assumption. But there exists at least one early document which renders the latter equally possible. Under the title of Proverbia Grecorum we possess a collection of sayings translated by some Irish scholar in Ireland from the Greek into Latin before the seventh century.[14] Among them we find three triads,[15] two pentads,[16] three heptads,[17] and two octads.[18]

[14] This is the opinion of S. Hellmann, their latest editor. See his Sedulius Scottus, p. 135, in Traube's Quellen und Untersuchungen zur lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters, vol. i.: M�nchen, 1906.

[15] A. 39, 41. B. 5.

[16] A. 52.

[17] A. 54. B. 3, 7.

[18] B. 1, 2.

As examples I select the following two triads:--

Tres bacheriosi(?) sunt: terribilis bellator armatus promptusque ad praelium, leo de spelunca quando praedam devorat, aper ferus de silva quando furore in aliquem irruit.

Tres sunt imperfecti qui numquam ad perfectionem vitae disciplinae pervenire possunt; tunc enim a vitiis recedunt, quando mala facere non possunt. Antiquus nauta qui multis annis seductis onmibus emere et vendere poterat; senex auriga qui in curribus et in equis Deo derelicto vana cura atque conversatione meditatur atque utitur; vetula ancilla quae dominae suae subdole in omnibus rebus quae cottidiano ministerio perficiuntur male retribuit.

Triads occur sporadically in the literature of most other nations, and have occasionally been collected. But I am not aware that this kind of composition has ever attained the same popularity elsewhere as in Wales and Ireland, where the manufacture of triads seems at times almost to have become a sport.

The wittiest triads are undoubtedly those in which the third item contains an anticlimax. Two perfect examples of this kind were composed by Heine when he tells the foreigner visiting Germany that he need but know three words of the language: Brot, Kuss, Ehre; and in his often quoted witticism: Der Franzose liebt die Freiheit wie seine Braut, der Engl�nder wie seine Frau, der Deutsche wie seine alte Grossmutter.

K.M.

TRECHENG BRETH F�NI INSO S�S[1]

1. Cenn H�renn Ardmacha.

[Note 1: om. BMHNLec]

2. Ordan H�renn Cl�ain Maic N�is.

3. Ana H�renn Cl�ain Iraird.

4. Cride H�renn Cell Dara.

5. Sruithe H�renn Bendchor.

6. C�emna H�renn Lusca.

7. �inius H�renn Cenannus.

8. D� [.s]�il H�renn Tamlachta [et] Findglais.

[Note 8: d� s�il L Finnglaisi N Findglais Lec]

9. Tech commairce H�renn Tech Cairnig for sligid Assail.

[Note 9: om. L]

10. Idna H�renn Inis Cathaig.

11. Recl�s H�renn Glenn D� Locha.

12. F�inechas H�renn Cl�ain H�ama.

13. Tech Foichle H�renn Fern�.

14. Lit�nacht H�renn Less M�r.

15. Senchas H�renn Imblech Ibair.

16. B�rla F�ine H�renn Corcach.

17. L�gend H�renn Ross Ailithre.

[Note 17: Ailaicre B Elichre M]

18. T�ite H�renn T�r D� Glas.

[Note 18: t�de N teide BM]

19. Anmchairde H�renn Cl�ain Ferta Br�nainn.

[Note 19: ancairde BLec Brenainde N]

20. Escaine H�renn Lothra.

[Note 20: hescoemna L]

21. Brethemnas H�renn Sl�ine.

22. D�ire chr�baid H�renn Fobur F�ich�n.

[Note 22: dire BM F�ich�n om. BM Fabair Feithin N]

23. �ibne H�renn Ard mBrecc�in.

24. Di�ite H�renn Ross Comm�in.

[Note 24: diuidus BM diuitecht L]

25. F�ilte H�renn R�ith mBoth n� Druimm Lethan.

26. De[.s]erc H�renn D�n D� Lethglas.

[Note 26: desearc L deeirc B deirc M]

1. The Head of Ireland--Armagh.

2. The Dignity of Ireland--Clonmacnois.

3. The Wealth of Ireland--Clonard.

4. The Heart of Ireland--Kildare.

5. The Seniority of Ireland--Bangor.

6. The Comfort[19] of Ireland--Lusk.

[19] Or, perhaps, 'good cheer.'

7. The Sport of Ireland--Kells.

8. The Two Eyes of Ireland--Tallaght and Finglas.

9. The Sanctuary of Ireland--the House of Cairnech upon the Road of Asal.[20]

[20] A road running from Tara westward into Westmeath.

10. The Purity of Ireland--Scattery Island.

11. The Abbey-church of Ireland--Glendalough.

12. The Jurisprudence of Ireland--Cloyne.

13. The House of Wages[21] of Ireland--Ferns.

[21] Or 'hire.'

14. The Singing the Litany of Ireland--Lismore.

15. The Lore of Ireland--Emly.

16. The Legal Speech of Ireland--Cork.

17. The Learning of Ireland--Roscarbery.

18. The Wantonness of Ireland--Terryglas.

19. The Spiritual Guidance of Ireland--Clonfert.

20. The Curse of Ireland--Lorrha.

21. The Judgment of Ireland--Slane.

22. The Severity of Piety of Ireland--Fore.

23. The Delight of Ireland--Ardbrackan.

24. The Simplicity[22] of Ireland--Roscommon.

[22] Or 'uprightness.'

25. The Welcome of Ireland--Raphoe or Drumlane.

26. The Charity of Ireland--Downpatrick.

27. Trichtach H�renn Dairchaill.

[Note 27: om. BM techtach E Durcaill N Darachill L]

28. Fossugud H�renn Mag mBile.

[Note 28: Mag Mile L]

29. Martra H�renn Tulen.

[Note 29: om. L]

30. Ailb�imm H�renn Cell R�aid.

[Note 30: aulbeimnech L Ruadh N Ruadain L]

31. Genas H�renn Lann Ela.

32. Tr� tairleme �renn: Daire Calgaig [et] Tech Munna [et] Cell Maignenn.

[Note 32: om. HBM]

33. Tri aithechpuirt H�renn: Cl�ain Iraird, Glenn D� Locha, Lugbad.

[Note 33: aithich Lec heathachbuirg M Lugmag NBM]

34. Tr� clochraid H�renn: Ard Macha, Cl�ain Maic N�is, Cell Dara.

[Note 34: clothraige BM clothrai N clochraid L clochraidi Lec]

35. Tr� h�enaig H�renn: �enach Tailten, �enach Cr�achan, �enach Colm�in Ela.

[Note 35: haenaigi L Colman MSS]

36. Tr� d�ine H�renn: D�n Sobairche, D�n Cermna, Cathair Chonr�i.

[Note 36: duin NBM]

37. Tr� sl�be H�renn: Sl�ab C�a, Sl�ab Mis, Sl�ab C�alann.

[Note 37: sleibte BM]

38. Tr� haird H�renn: Cr�ach�n Aigli, Ae Ch�alann, Benn mBoirchi.

[Note 38: hard N c�ch Cualann L benna LN]

39. Tr� locha H�renn: Loch nEchach, Loch R�, Loch nErni.

[Note 39: Rib BM Rig N]

40. Tr� srotha H�renn: Sinann, B�and, Banda.

41. Tr� machaire H�renn: Mag Midi, Mag Line, Mag Lifi.

[Note 41: maige HBM]

42. Tr� dorcha H�renn: �am Chnogba, �am Sl�ng�, dercc Ferna.

[Note 42: doirchi L uaim Chruachan NL uaim Condba B uaim Cnodba HM Slaingai BM Slaine N Slaine [et] uaim Chruachan n� dearc Fearna add. H]

43. Tr� d�thruib H�renn: Fid M�r hi C�ailgni, Fid D�icsen hi Tuirtri, Fid Moithre hi Connachtaib.

[Note 43: dithreba BM Fid Dexin N]

44. Tr� dotcaid H�renn: abbdaine Bendchuir, [A] abbdaine Lainne Ela, r�ge Mugdorn Maigen.

[Note 44: dotchaid LHLec [A] .i. ar imad argain air L abdaine Sl�ne n� Colmain Ela BM Laind Ela BM]

27. The ... of Ireland--Dairchaill.

28. The Stability of Ireland--Moville.

29. The Martyrdom of Ireland--Dulane.

30. The Reproach of Ireland--Cell Ruaid (Ruad's Church).[23]

[23] 'Ruadan's Church,' L.

31. The Chastity of Ireland--Lynally.

32. The three places of Ireland to alight at: Derry, Taghmon, Kilmainham.

33. The three rent-paying places of Ireland: Clonard, Glendalough, Louth.

34. The three stone-buildings of Ireland: Armagh, Clonmacnois, Kildare.

35. The three fairs of Ireland: the fair of Teltown, the fair of Croghan, the fair of Colman Elo.

36. The three forts of Ireland: Dunseverick, Dun Cermna,[24] Cathir Conree.

[24] On the Old Head of Kinsale.

37. The three mountains of Ireland: Slieve Gua,[25] Slieve Mis, Slieve Cualann.[26]

[25] i.e. the Knockmealdown mountains.

[26] The Wicklow mountains.

38. The three heights of Ireland: Croagh Patrick, Ae Chualann,[27] Benn Boirche.[28]

[27] 'The Liver ('Pap,' L.) of Cualu,' either the Great Sugarloaf or Lugnaquilla.

[28] i.e. Slieve Donard.

39. The three lakes of Ireland: Lough Neagh, Lough Ree, Lough Erne.

40. The three rivers of Ireland: the Shannon, the Boyne, the Bann.

41. The three plains of Ireland: the plain of Meath, Moylinny, Moy-Liffey.[29]

[29] i.e. the plain of Kildare.

42. The three dark places of Ireland: the cave of Knowth, the cave of Slaney, the cave of Ferns.

43. The three desert places of Ireland: Fid M�r (Great Wood) in Coolney, Fid D�icsen (Spy-wood) in Tuirtri,[30] the Wood of Moher in Connaught.

[30] The H�i Tuirtri were settled in the four baronies of Upper and Lower Antrim, and Upper and Lower Toome in county Antrim.

44. The three unlucky places of Ireland: the abbotship of Bangor, the abbotship of Lynally, the kingship of Mugdorn Maigen.[31]

[31] Now Cremorne barony, county Monaghan.

45. Tr� huilc H�renn: Crecraigi, Glasraigi, Benntraigi.

[Note 45: Grecraigi HBM]

46. Tr� c�emnai H�renn: abbdaine Lusca, r�ge tr� Cualann, secnabb�ite Arda Macha.

[Note 46: r�ge fer C�alann NL sechnap L segnab-i nArdmachai N]

47. Tr� tr�ga H�renn: Tr�ig Ruis Airgit, Tr�ig Ruis T�iti, Tr�ig Baili.

[Note 47: trachtai L]

48. Tr� h�tha H�renn: �th Cl�ath, �th L�ain, �th Caille.

49. Tr� sligid H�renn: slige D�la, slige Asail, slige Midl�achra.

[Note 49: sligthi MSS]

50. Tr� belaige H�renn: Belach Conglais, Belach Luimnig, Belach Duiblinne .i. �tha Cl�ath.

[Note 50: belaig L Conglaisi N Luimne N .i. �tha Cl�ath om. N]

51. Tr� drommanna H�renn: Druimm Fingin, Druimm nDrobeoil, Druimm Leithe.

[Note 52: om. HBM]

52. Tr� maige H�renn: Mag mBreg, Mag Cr�achan, Mac Liphi.

53. Tr� cl�ana H�renn: Cl�ain Maic N�is, Cl�ain Eois, Cl�ain Iraird.

54. Tr� tellaige H�renn: tellach Temrach, tellach Caisil, tellach Cr�achan.

[Note 54: Temair Cr�achu Caisel HBM]

55. Tr� hessa H�renn: Ess R�aid, Ess Danainne, Ess Maige.

56. Tr� fothirbi H�renn: T�r R�tha Laidcni�in, Sl�ab Comm�in, Sl�ab Manch�in.

[Note 56: om. HBM fothairbe N]

57. Tr� tiprata H�renn: Tipra na nD�si, Tipra H�arbeoil, Tipra �ar�in Garaid.

[Note 57: tiubrai N tipra Cuirp N nD�si HBM tipra Uarainn Garaid HBM t. Uaran nGarad N Breifene N tipra Braithcleasan Brigdi H Braichleasan Brigde BM]

58. Tr� haimr�ide H�renn: Breifne, Bairenn, B�rre[A].

[Note 58: haimreid L Boirind M [A] Beandtraigi H]

59. Tr� hinbera H�renn: Inber na mB�rc, Inber F�ile, Inber T�aige.

60. Tr� hairderca H�renn: L�imm Conculaind, D�n C�in, Srub Brain.

[Note 60: hirrdraici H oirrdirc M]

45. The three evil ones of Ireland: the Crecraige,[32] the Glasraige, the Benntraige.[33]

[32] A tribe settled in the barony of Coolavin, county Sligo, and in the adjacent part of county Roscommon.

[33] Either Bantry in county Cork, or Bantry in county Wexford.

46. The three comfortable places of Ireland: the abbotship of Lusk, the kingship of the three Cualu,[34] the vice-abbotship of Armagh.

[34] 'Of the men of Cualu,' NL.

47. The three strands of Ireland: the strand of Ross Airgit,[35] the strand of Ross Teiti, the strand of Baile.[36]

[35] A territory in the barony of Upper Ormond, county Tipperary.

[36] Now Dundalk.

48. The three fords of Ireland: Ath Cliath (Hurdle-ford), Athlone (the Ford of Luan), Ath Caille (Wood-ford).[37]

[37] Perhaps �th Caille R�aide on the Shannon.

49. The three highroads of Ireland: Slige Dala,[38] Slige Asail, Slige Luachra.[39]

[38] The great south-western road from Tara into Ossory.

[39] A road running northward from Tara.

50. The three mountain-passes of Ireland: Baltinglass, the Pass of Limerick, the Pass of Dublin.

51. The three ridges of Ireland: Druim Fingin, Druim nDrobeoil, Druim Leithe.[40]

[40] In Breffny.

52. The three plains of Ireland: Moy Bray, Moy Croghan, Moy Liffey.

53. The three meadows of Ireland: Clonmacnois, Clones, Clonard.

54. The three households of Ireland: the household of Tara, the household of Cashel, the household of Croghan.

55. The three waterfalls of Ireland: Assaroe, Eas Danainne,[41] Eas Maige.

[41] On the Shannon opposite Dunass, co. Clare.

56. The three fields (?) of Ireland: the land of Rathlynan, Slieve Comman, Slieve Manchain.

57. The three wells of Ireland: the Well of the Desi, the Well of Uarbel,[42] the Well of Uaran Garaid.

[42] Probably near Sescenn Uarb�oil in Leinster (Mountseskenn?).

58. The three uneven places of Ireland: Breffny, the Burren, Beare.

59. The three estuaries of Ireland: Inver na mBarc,[43] Inver Feile,[44] Inver Tuaige.[45]

[43] D�n na mB�rc is in Bantry Bay.

[44] The estuary of the Feale.

[45] 'The axe-shaped estuary,' i.e. the mouth of the Bann.

60. The three conspicuous places of Ireland: Cuchulinn's Leap,[46] Dunquinn, Sruve Brain.[47]

[46] i.e. Loop Head.

[47] In the west of Kerry (i n-iarthar H�renn, YBL. 123^b31).

61. Tr� gn�tha H�renn: Tr�ig L�, L�achair Dedad, Sl�ab F�ait.

[Note 61: gnath N gn�ith HM L�� N]

62. Tr� hamrai la T�in B� C�ailnge: .i. in cuilmen dara h�isi i n�rinn; in marb dia haisn�is don b�u .i. Fergus mac R�ig dia hinnisin do Ninn�ne �icius i n-aimsir Corbmaic maic F�el�in; int� dia n-aisn�ther, coimge bliadna d�.

[Note 62: om. HBMLec coimde N]

63. Tr� meinistri fer F�ne: .i. c�ch, gr�ad, gl�n.

64. Tr� dotcaid duine: deog therc d'uisci, �tu i cormthig, suide cumang for achad.

[Note 64: dotchaid L dodcaid BM luige dige BM luige re dig H]

65. Tr� dotcaid threbtha: gort salach, iarmur cl�ithe, tech drithlennach.

[Note 65: dotchaid L dodcaid B iarmor B]

66. Tr� hairgarta ecalse: caillech fri clocc, athl�ech i n-apdaine, banna for alt�ir.

[Note 66: hairgairt L hairgair H hurgoirt B ina habdaine B bainne NM b�[=n] for a haltoir B]

67. Tr� f�ilti co n-�arduibi: fer tochmairc, fer gaite, fer aisn�ise.

[Note 67: fochmairc NHBMLec aisneidsi N]

68. Tr� br�in ata ferr f�ilti: br�n tre�it oc ithe messa, br�n guirt apaig, br�n feda fo mess.

[Note 68: is ferr H ita ferr L at ferr N broin MB ac aipgiudud BM ig messrugud H]

69. Tr� f�ilti ata messu br�n: f�ilti fir �ar ndiupairt, f�ilti fir �ar luga eithig, f�ilti fir �ar fingail.

[Note 69: measum B iar ndiubairt N iar mbreith diubarta BM iar mbreith a dibirta H failte fir luga eithig B fir om. BM failte fir iar marbad a br�thar a[c] cosnom a [.f]eraind fris BM]

70. Tr� fiada co n-an[.f]iad: gr�ss i n-�entig fri muintir, uisce roth� dar cosa, b�ad goirt cen dig.

[Note 70: fiad L anbfiad N tri fiaidaichi ad mesa H greasa BM for cosaib HM dar cosaib NB biad goirt doib B]

71. Tr� dotcaid maic athaig: clemnas fri h�cthigern, gab�il for tascor r�g, commaid fri meirlechu.

[Note 71: dotchaid L dodca d B hoigthigearna MN tarscur BM tascor (n� tarcor) N tairrseach (!) L]

72. Tr� dotcaid threbairi: tarcud do drochmn�i, fognam do droch[.f]laith, c�emchl�d fri droch[.f]erann.

[Note 72: dodchaidh B targad BM drochlaith M drochlaech H claechlud H caemclodh M droch�rind B]

73. Tr� b�ada trebairi: tarcud do degmn�i, fognam do deg[.f]laith, c�emchl�d fri dag[.f]erann.

[Note 73: trebtha N targad B deadlaech H claechmod H deigferand HM degthigern (!) B]

61. The three familiar places[48] of Ireland: Tralee, Logher, the Fews.

[48] Or, perhaps, 'places of common resort.'

62. Three wonders concerning the T�in B� C�ailnge; that the cuilmen came to Ireland in its stead; the dead relating it to the living, viz. Fergus mac R�ig reciting it to Ninn�ne the poet in the time of Cormac mac F�el�in; one year's protection to him to whom it is recited.

63. The three halidoms of the men of Ireland: breast, cheek, knee.

64. Three unfortunate things for a man: a scant drink of water, thirst in an ale-house, a narrow seat upon a field.

65. Three unfortunate things of husbandry: a dirty field, leavings of the hurdle, a house full of sparks.

66. Three forbidden things of a church: a nun as bellringer, a veteran in the abbotship, a drop upon the altar.

67. Three rejoicings followed by sorrow: a wooer's, a thief's, a tale-bearer's.

68. Three sorrows that are better than joy: the heaviness of a herd feeding on mast, the heaviness of a ripe field,[49] the heaviness of a wood under mast.

[49] 'Of a ripening field,' BM.

69. Three rejoicings that are worse than sorrow: the joy of a man who has defrauded another, the joy of a man who has perjured himself, the joy of a man who has committed parricide.[50]

[50] 'Of a man who has slain his brother in contesting his land,' BM.

70. The three worst welcomes: a handicraft in the same house with the inmates, scalding water upon the feet, salt food without a drink.

71. Three unfortunate things for the son of a peasant: marrying into the family of a franklin, attaching himself to the retinue of a king, consorting with thieves.

72. Three unfortunate things for a householder: proposing to a bad woman, serving a bad chief, exchanging for bad land.

73. Three excellent things for a householder: proposing to a good woman, serving a good chief, exchanging for good land.

74. Tr� h�enaig eserte: c�lide hi tig gobann, c�lide hi tig [.s]�ir, dul do chennuch cen �irche.

[Note 74: h�naigi nasearta B neiseirti H haonaige neserte N esertai Lec airrdhe N]

75. Tr� c�il ata ferr folongat in mbith: c�il srithide hi folldeirb, c�il foichne for tuinn, c�il sn�ithe dar dorn dagmn�.

[Note 75: foloingead imbith B is ferr isin mbith N sreibe LLec srithide B srithide foildeirb N]

76. Tr� duirn ata dech for bith: dorn deg[.s]�ir, dorn degmn�, dorn deggobann.

[Note 76: for doman BM dorn sair dorn gabonn dorn daim N degdaim BM]

77. Tr�de conaittig f�rinne: mess, tomus, cubus.

[Note 77: tri conaitig B]

78. Tr�de conaittig brethemnas: g�is, f�ige, fiss.

[Note 78: a tri conaitig B]

79. Tr� t�arascb�la �traid: osnad, cluiche, c�ilide.

[Note 79: osnaid N miad LBM]

80. Tr�de ara carthar escara: m�in, cruth, innraccus.

[Note 80: a tri BM treidi H gn�s alaig erlabra HM airdearcus B]

81. Tr�de ara miscnigther cara: fogal, dognas, d�mainche.

[Note 81: treidi H a tri M tri L fogail H dimainecht HM]

82. Tr� buirb in betha: �c contibi sen, sl�n contibi galarach, g�eth contibi b�eth.

[Note 82: contib BM contibe N gallrach BM gallrai N b�th contib g�th BM]

83. Tr� buidir in betha: robud do throich, airchisecht fri faigdech, cosc mn� b�ithe do dr�is.

[Note 83: urchuidme ria foidhech N �rcuidmed fri foigeaeh B mn� druithi B]

84. Tr� c�in docelat �itchi: sob�s la anricht, �ne la d�er, ecna la dodelb.

[Note 84: doceilead eitig B handracht B dodealb B dodeilb N]

85. Tr� h�itich docelat c�in: b� binnech cen as, ech �n aml�ath, sodelb cen tothucht.

[Note 85: doceiled BM beinnech N]

86. Tr� �ible adannat seirc: gn�is, alaig, erlabra.

[Note 86: haibne adannaid searc B adanta serce N alaid N]

87. Tr� haithne co fomailt: aithne mn�, aithne eich, aithne [.s]alainn.

[Note 87: haithneada Lec tomailt B salainn L]

88. Tr� b�ada t�iti: ben ch�em, ech maith, c� l�ath.

[Note 88: teite N buadnasa t�tnai HBMLec]

89. Tr� s�gainni H�renn: f�thrann, adbann a cruit, berrad aigthe.

[Note 89: segaind M tri comartha segainn N segraind B H�renn om. MB fatraind B fadbann N fadhbond MB aigthe om. BM a cruit om. MN]

74. Three holidays[51] of a landless man[52]: visiting in the house of a blacksmith, visiting in the house of a carpenter, buying without bonds.

[51] Or, perhaps, 'fairs, foregatherings.'

[52] Or 'vagrant.'

75. Three slender things that best support the world: the slender stream of milk from the cow's dug into the pail, the slender blade of green corn upon the ground, the slender thread over the hand of a skilled woman.

76. Three hands that are best in the world: the hand of a good carpenter, the hand of a skilled woman, the hand of a good smith.

77. Three things which justice demands: judgment, measure, conscience.

78. Three things which judgment demands: wisdom, penetration, knowledge.

79. Three characteristics of concupiscence: sighing, playfulness,[53] visiting.

[53] Or 'dalliance.'

80. Three things for which an enemy is loved: wealth, beauty, worth.[54]

[54] 'distinction,' B. 'familiarity, fame (leg. allad), speech,' H.

81. Three things for which a friend is hated: trespassing,[55] keeping aloof,[56] fecklessness.

[55] Or 'encroaching.'

[56] Literally, 'unfamiliarity.'

82. Three rude ones of the world: a youngster mocking an old man, a healthy person mocking an invalid, a wise man mocking a fool.

83. Three deaf ones of the world: warning to a doomed man, mocking[57] a beggar, keeping a loose woman from lust.

[57] 'pitying,' L.

84. Three fair things that hide ugliness: good manners in the ill-favoured, skill in a serf, wisdom in the misshapen.

85. Three ugly things that hide fairness: a sweet-lowing cow without milk, a fine horse without speed, a fine person without substance.

86. Three sparks that kindle love: a face, demeanour, speech.

87. Three deposits with usufruct: depositing a woman, a horse, salt.

88. Three glories of a gathering: a beautiful wife, a good horse, a swift hound.

89. Three accomplishments of Ireland: a witty stave, a tune on the harp,[58] shaving a face.

[58] Literally, 'out of a harp.'

90. Tr� comartha cl�anaigi: b�aidriud sc�l, cluiche tenn, abucht co n-imdergad.

[Note 90: tri comartha cluanaide N clu �naigh M clu�naige B teinn L tind BM abocht HLec abhacht M co n-imnead n� imdergad HLec co n-uaithiss L co n-aitis N]

91. Tr� gena ata messu br�n: gen snechta oc legad, gen do mn� frit �ar mbith [.f]ir aili l�, gen chon [.f]oilmnich.

[Note 91: ad meassam HMB mesom L drochmna LN frit om. L iar fes le fer n-aili H iar mbeith fri araile BM foleimnighe N foilmig dot letrad H foleimnigh (foilmnig B) agud rochtain dott ithe MB]

92. Tr� b�is ata ferr bethaid: b�s iach, b�s muicce m�ithe, b�s foglada.

[Note 92: ad HBM beatha H iaich L b�s iaich b�s muici meithi b�s fodhladlu L fogladai N fodalada B b�s bithbenaig B luifenaich Lec]

93. Tr� h�athaid ata ferr sochaidi: �athad dagbr�athar, �athad b� hi fe�r, �athad carat im chuirm.

[Note 93: uath ada N ad M is H deagbriathar H degflaith MB]

94. Tr� br�naig choirmthige: fer dogn� fleid, fer dia nd�ntar, fer ibes menip s�ithech

[Note 94: fleid om. B fer nostairbir H fer teid dia tairtiud minab saitheach M]

95. Tr� cuitbidi in domain: fer lonn, fer �taid, fer d�bech.

[Note 95: cuidmidi H]

96. Tr� cuil t�aithe: flaith br�cach, breithem g�ach, sacart colach.

[Note 96: flaitheamh BM sacart tuisledach N sagart diultach B diultadhach M]

97. Tr� fuiric thige degduni: cuirm, fothrucud, tene m�r.

[Note 97: fuiric .i. fleadh n� f�asta B daghduine N]

98. Tr� fuiric thige drochduni: debuid ar do chinn, athchosan frit, a ch� dot gab�il.

[Note 98: achmusan NBM a cu dod ledrad N do congabail M drochscel lat immach L]

99. Tr� gretha tige degl�ich: grith fodla, grith suide, grith com�irge.

[Note 99: tri grith L tri gartha M fogla L suigidhe BM]

100. Tr� dorch� n� dlegat mn� do imthecht: dorcha c�ach, dorcha aidche, dorcha feda.

[Note 100: nach dleguid N narfacad do mnai imteact B d'imtecht NM]

101. Tr� sailge boccachta: imgellad, immarb�g, imreson.

[Note 101: soilge BM imgellad bag L imarbaid imreasain BM imarbaigh imressain N imreason n� imraichni L]

102. Tr� airisena boccachta: s�rch�ilide, s�rd�csain, s�riarfaige.

[Note 102: h�rsenna BM hairisin N sirfiarfaighe M sirfiarfaigid N]

90. Three ungentlemanly things: interrupting stories, a mischievous game, jesting so as to raise a blush.

91. Three smiles that are worse than sorrow: the smile of the snow as it melts, the smile of your wife[59] on you after another man has been with her,[60] the grin of a hound ready to leap at you.[61]

[59] 'Of a bad woman,' LN.

[60] 'After sleeping with another man,' H.

[61] 'To tear you to pieces,' H. 'Coming up to devour you,' MB.

92. Three deaths that are better than life: the death of a salmon, the death of a fat pig, the death of a robber.[62]

[62] 'Of a criminal,' B.

93. Three fewnesses that are better than plenty: a fewness of fine words, a fewness of cows in grass, a fewness of friends around ale.[63]

[63] 'good ale,' MB.

94. Three sorrowful ones of an alehouse: the man who gives the feast, the man to whom it is given, the man who drinks without being satiated.[64]

[64] 'Who goes to it unsatiated,' M. i.e. who drinks on an empty stomach.

95. Three laughing-stocks of the world: an angry man, a jealous man, a niggard.

96. Three ruins of a tribe: a lying chief, a false judge, a lustful[65] priest.

[65] 'Stumbling, offending,' N. 'Fond of refusing,' B.

97. Three preparations of a good man's house: ale, a bath, a large fire.

98. Three preparations of a bad man's house: strife before you, complaining to you, his hound taking hold of you.[66]

[66] 'Tearing you,' N. 'A bad story to speed you on your way,' L.

99. Three shouts of a good warrior's house: the shout of distribution, the shout of sitting down, the shout of rising up.

100. Three darknesses into which women should not go: the darkness of mist, the darkness of night, the darkness of a wood.

101. Three props of obstinacy[67]: pledging oneself, contending, wrangling.

102. Three characteristics of obstinacy[67]: long visits, staring, constant questioning.

[67] Literally, 'buckishness.'

103. Tr� comartha meraigi: slicht a ch�re ina [.f]olt, slicht a [.f]�acal ina chuit, slicht a luirge ina diaid.

[Note 103: comarthadha M meraigthe N 'na cend BM 'na cuit BM inandiaig B na diaidh M]

104. Tr� m�idme cl�anaigi: at� ar do sc�th, rosaltrus fort, rotflinchus com �tach.

[Note 104: cluainige BM ato BM atu L rodsaltar M rosaltrur ort L rosflinchus com edach N rofliuchus com ediuch BM comh edach L]

105. Tr� b� focherdat marbdili: oss foceird a congna, fid foceird a duille, cethra focerdat a mbr�n[.f]inda.

[Note 105: om. BMHLec]

106. Tr� scenb H�renn: Tulach na nEpscop, Ached D�o, Duma mB�irig.

[Note 106: om. BMHLec achad N]

107. Tr� hingnad H�renn: lige inn abaic, lige nEothuili, allabair i foccus.

[Note 107: om. BMHLec hinganta N allubuir a fogus N]

108. Tr� daurthige H�renn: daurthech Birra, daurthech Cl�ana Eidnech, daurthech Leithglinde.

[Note 108: om. BMHLec]

109. Tr� hingena berta miscais do m�thocod: labra, lesca, anidna.

[Note 109: do mitocuid N do togud BM lesce N anidna N nemidna BM .i. esinrucas add. H]

110. Tr� hingena berta seirc do ch�intocud: t�a, �scuss, idn�.

[Note 110: beres L berta seircce de caintogud BM serc N caintocaid N tri hadbair serci Lec t�a esces idna N esca BMLec]

111. Tr� t�a ata ferr labra: t�a fri forcital, t�a fri hairfitiud, t�a fri procept.

[Note 111: labrai N sproicept B sproicepht M fri aithfrend N]

112. Tr� labra ata ferr t�a: och�n rig do chath, sreth immais, molad iar l�ag.

[Note 112: uchan N oconn BM hairfidiud n� f�s BM luadh B]

113. Tr� hailgesa �t�alaing .i. �irg cen co dechais, tuc cenitb�, d�na ceni derna.

[Note 113: haisgeadha edualaing B erg gen cotis H tuc gen gud beirg (?) gen go gaemais dena gen go heda B tuca gen cobe N gen gudbe M gen [go] dernais N gen go feta HM]

114. Tr� hamaite b�t[e] i ndrochthig �iged .i. sentrichem senchaillige, roschaullach ingine m�ile, sirite gillai.

[Note 114: hamaide drochtoighe BM sentriche caillige BM sentrichim N rosc cailleach ingine siridhe gillai BM siride N sirithe L]

115. Tr� hairig na nd�alche: sant, cr�es, �trad.

103. Three signs of a fop: the track of his comb in his hair, the track of his teeth in his food, the track of his stick[68] behind him.

[68] Or 'cudgel.'

104. Three ungentlemanly boasts: I am on your track, I have trampled on you, I have wet you with my dress.

105. Three live ones that put away dead things: a deer shedding its horn, a wood shedding its leaves, cattle shedding their coat.[69]

[69] Literally, 'stinking hair.'

106. Three places of Ireland to make you start: Tulach na n-Escop,[70] Achad Deo,[71] Duma mBuirig.

[70] A hill near Kildare. See Thesaurus Pal�o-hibernicus ii.. p. 335.

[71] At Tara. See Todd's Irish Nennius, p. 200.

107. Three wonders of Ireland: the grave of the dwarf,[72] the grave of Trawohelly,[73] an echo near.[74]

[72] Somewhere in the west (i n-iarthar Erenn, F�l., p. clvii).

[73] See Todd's Irish Nennius, p. 199, and Zeitschrift f�r Celt. Phil, v., p. 23.

[74] Nothing is known to me about this wonder.

108. Three oratories of Ireland: the oratory of Birr, the oratory of Clonenagh, the oratory of Leighlin.

109. Three maidens that bring hatred upon misfortune: talking, laziness, insincerity.

110. Three maidens that bring love to good fortune: silence, diligence, sincerity.

111. Three silences that are better than speech: silence during instruction, silence during music, silence during preaching.

112. Three speeches that are better than silence: inciting a king to battle, spreading knowledge (?),[75] praise after reward.[76]

[75] Sreth immais, which I have tentatively translated by 'spreading knowledge,' is used as a technical term in poetry for connecting all the words of a verse-line by alliteration, as e.g. slatt, sacc, socc, simend, saland. See Ir. Texte iii., p. 30.

[76] Cf. LL. 344a: Carpre asks Cormac what are the sweetest things he has heard, and Cormac answers: 'A shout of triumph after victory, praise after reward, the invitation of a fair woman to her pillow.'

113. Three impossible demands: go! though you cannot go, bring what you have not got, do what you cannot do.

114. Three idiots that are in a bad guest-house: the chronic cough of an old hag, a brainless tartar of a girl, a hobgoblin of a gillie.

115. The three chief sins: avarice, gluttony, lust.

116. Tr�de neimthigedar cross�n: rige �ile, rige th�ighe, rige bronn.

117. Tr�de neimthigedar c�rmaire: coimrith fri coin hi[c] cosnum chn�ma, adarc reithi do d�rgud dia an�il cen tenid, dichetal for ochtraig co rathochra a mb� ina �chtur for a �achtar do cho[.n]gna [et] cn�maib [et] adarcaib.

[Note 117: om. BMHLec dirge N otrach N corotochra N a mbid na hichtar N huachtar N congnaim N]

118. Tr�de nemthigedar s�er: dl�thud cen fomus, cen fescred, l�d l�adrinna, b�imm fo chommus.

[Note 118: om. BMHLec tri ara neimiter N dluthugud N feiscre N ludh luaithreand N]

119. Tr�de neimthigedar liaig: d�gallr�, d�ainme, comchissi cen ainchiss.

[Note 119: om. BMHLec ara neimiter liagh N coimcisin gin ainces N]

120. Tr�de neimthigedar gobainn: bir Neithin, fulacht na Morr�gna, inne�in in Dagda.

[Note 120: om. BMHLec ara neimiter gobaind N bir ndechin N]

121. Tr�de neimthigedar cerdai: fige ronn, c�r comraic, plett for f�bur.

[Note 121: om. BMHLec cerd N flet N]

122. Tr�de neimthigedar cruitire: golltraige, gentraige, s�antraige.

[Note 122-123: om. BMHLec]

123. Tr�de neimthigedar filid: immas forosna, teinm l�da, dichetal di chennaib.

124. D� m�gairm m�thocaid: comm�idem do ch�tguine, do ben la fer n-aile.

[Note 124: atte d� n� igairm (!) do neoch .i. maidem a ch�tguine [et] a bean do beith fri fer n-aill BM mitocaid N a cedgona N a ben la fer n-aile N]

125. Teora airi[se]na iarnduba: comar, cocless, clemnas.

[Note 125: tri hairnadmand BMN iardubha M coicless LM coicle M]

126. Tr� bainne c�tmuintire: bainne fola, bainne d�r, bainne aillse.

[Note 126: banda NBM]

127. Tr� coiri b�te in cach d�ini: coire �rma, coire goriath, coire �iged.

[Note 127: core B duini L duine B goiriat N aitiu N notead B notheadh M]

116. Three things that constitute a buffoon: blowing out his cheek, blowing out his satchel, blowing out his belly.

117. Three things that constitute a comb-maker: racing a hound in contending for a bone; straightening a ram's horn by his breath, without fire; chanting upon a dunghill so that all antlers and bones and horns that are below come to the top.

118. Three things that constitute a carpenter: joining together without calculating (?), without warping (?); agility with the compass; a well-measured stroke.

119. Three things that constitute a physician: a complete cure, leaving no blemish behind, a painless examination.

120. Three things that constitute a blacksmith: Nethin's spit, the cooking-hearth of the Morrigan, the Dagda's anvil.[77]

[77] For a description and pictures of these appliances, see YBL., p. 419a, and Egerton, 1782, fo. 46a.

121. Three things that constitute an artificer: weaving chains, a mosaic ball,[78] an edge upon a blade.

[78] O'Curry, Manners and Customs, ii., p. 253, thought that a caer comraic was 'a ball of convergent ribs or lines,' perhaps such a bead or ball of mosaic glass as is depicted in Joyce's Social History of Ancient Ireland, vol. ii., p. 32, fig. 171. A c�er comraic of eight different colours is mentioned in LB. 108b 20.

122. Three things that constitute a harper: a tune to make you cry, a tune to make you laugh, a tune to put you to sleep.[79]

[79] Cf. H. 3. 18, p. 87: tr�ide nemtighther cruit; goltraiges, gentraiges, suantraiges.

123. Three things that constitute a poet: 'knowledge that illumines,' 'teinm laeda,'[80] improvisation.

[80] The names of various kinds of incantations. See Cormac's Glossary and Ancient Laws, s.v.

124. Two ominous cries of ill-luck: boasting of your first slaughter, and of your wife being with another man.

125. Three things betokening trouble: holding a plough-land in common, performing feats together, alliance in marriage.

126. Three drops of a wedded woman: a drop of blood, a tear-drop, a drop of sweat.

127. Three caldrons that are in every fort: the caldron of running, the caldron goriath,[81] the caldron of guests.

[81] Quite obscure to me. There is a heavily glossed poem in H. 3. 18, beginning Coire goriath. In H. 2. 15, p. 117^b, after the colophon to D�il Laithne (Goid.,^2 p. 79), there are some further glosses, among which I find: goiriath .i. gardhamh in gach iath, erma .i. uasal-iomp� no iar-iompa. But �rma seems the genitive of �rim, 'a course.'

128. Tr� comartha l�thraig bendachtan: clocc, salm, senad.

[Note 128: lathrach bennachtan H bendacht L senad NBMH ocsenad L]

129. Tr� comartha l�thraig mallachtan: tromm, tradna, nenaid.

[Note 129: mallachtan HM neanad B neanntoch M tradnai BM tradna H]

130. Teora muimmecha t�ide: caill, coim, adaig.

[Note 130: tri muime BM tri buime gaiti H coill HM]

131. Teora ranna sluinte fri c�intocad: trumma, toicthiu, talchaire.

[Note 131: sloindti caintocaid N toicte N]

132. Teora ranna sluinte dotcaid: tl�s, �es, airbire.

[Note 132: dotcaid N tlass ois oirbire N]

133. D� derb[.s]iair: tl�s [et] tr�aige.

[Note 133: siair L tlas [et] trousca N truaighe BMH]

134. D� derbr�thair: tocad [et] brugaide.

[Note 134: brathair M toice [et] blailaige N togud B tacad H]

135. Tr� fuidb dotcadaig: r�thaiges, etargaire, fiadnaise. Dotoing dia fiadnaisi, �ccaid dia r�thaiges, doberar b�imm n-etaigaire ina chinn.

[Note 135: foidb dothcadaigh M toindid a fiadnaisi BM iccaid a rathaigecht beiridh builleadha etargaire ina cind BM.]

136. Tr� sethraeha g�a: b�ss, d�ig, toimtiu.

[Note 136: toimdi L]

137. Tr� br�thair uamain: sta! sit! coiste!

[Note 137: braitri N omain BM ist sta [et] coisde BM sta sit coist N]

138. Tr� mairb fortgellat for b�u: med, airmed, forrach.

[Note 138: forgellait H for fiu BM meid armeid BM forach H]

139. Tr� brothc�in r�tha: rothicc, rosiacht, rotochtaig.

[Note 139: brothcain ratha N raithi L rod�cc rosiacht rotoncai N]

140. Tr� dubthrebtha: tuga co f�atchai, imme co for[.n]gaire, t�rad co n-aurgorad.

[Note 140: doidbtrebtai tugai co fodaib imed co forrngaire N tuighe go foidibh M co foitib Lec tiriudh M]

141. Tr� hiarnduba: fer tochmairc, fer gaite meirle, fer hic aisn�is.

[Note 141: fear fochairc Lec fer aisneisi N]

142. Tr� maic beres dr�s do lonnus: tuilf�th, fidchell, dulsaine.

[Note 142: lundus N tulfeith N dullsaine L]

143. Tr� maic beres f�ile do ainmnit: gr�ss, r�ss, rucca.

[Note 143: ainmned N gr�s r�s rucad N]

144. Tr� maic beres ne�it do deinmnait: crith, dochell, grith.

[Note 144: deinmnet N grith crith doicell N]

145. Tr� h�ar f�chte: tipra, muir, n�� corma.

[Note 145: huara N]

146. Tr� f�ammann m�aigthe: f�am b� mblecht, f�am cerdch�, f�am aratbair.

[Note 146: fuamandu moaigti N moigthi L fuaim bo mblicht N]

128. Three tokens of a blessed site: a bell, psalm-singing, a synod (of elders).

129. Three tokens of a cursed site: elder, a corncrake, nettles.[82]

[82] See my edition of C�in Adamn�in, p. 13, note 3, and p. 38.

130. Three nurses of theft: a wood, a cloak, night.

131. Three qualities[83] that bespeak good fortune: self-importance, ..., self-will.

[83] Literally, 'parts.'

132. Three qualities[84] that bespeak misfortune: weariness, (premature) old age, reproachfulness.

[84] Literally, 'heaviness, weight.'

133. Two sisters: weariness and wretchedness.

134. Two brothers: prosperity and husbandry.

135. Three unlucky...:[85] guaranteeing, mediating, witnessing. The witness has to swear to his evidence, the guarantor has to pay for his security, the mediator gets a blow on his head.[86]

[85] The usual meanings of fodb, 'accoutrement, equipment, arms,' do not seem to suit here.

[86] Literally, 'the blow of mediation is dealt on his head.'

136. Three false sisters: 'perhaps,' 'may be,' 'I dare say.'

137. Three timid brothers: 'hush!' 'stop!' 'listen!'

138. Three dead things that give evidence on live things: a pair of scales, a bushel, a measuring-rod.

139. Three pottages of guaranteeing....[87]

[87] Obscure and probably corrupt. Cf. � 219.

140. Three black husbandries: thatching with stolen things,[88] putting up a fence with a proclamation of trespass, kiln-drying with scorching.

[88] 'with sods,' NML, perperam.

141. Three after-sorrows: a wooer's, a thief's, a tale-bearer's.

142. Three sons whom folly bears to anger: frowning, ... ,[89] mockery (?).

[89] fidchell, the well-known game, gives no sense here.

143. Three sons whom generosity bears to patience: ... , blushing, shame.

144. Three sons whom churlishness bears to impatience: trembling, niggardliness, vociferation.

145. Three cold things that seethe: a well, the sea, new ale.

146. Three sounds of increase: the lowing of a cow in milk, the din of a smithy, the swish of a plough.

147. Tr� hana antreinn: tipra i sl�ib, tene a liic, ana la fer calad.

[Note 147: luc MSS. anai la fear calaid N]

148. Tr� aithgine in domuin: br� mn�, uth b�, ness gobann.

[Note 148: haitgine N aithgeinit L corathgen B coratgen M bru birite BM meas(!) BMLec]

149. Tr� diubarta forsn� �ada d�lse: tinnscra mn�, imthomailt l�namna, iarraid maicc.

[Note 149: hiad N imtomailt N iarraid menicc(!) L]

150. Tr� cuir tintaiter do r�ir britheman: cor mn� [et] micc [et] bothaich.

[Note 150: tinntaigter N]

151. Tr� nata[t] t�alaing sainchuir: mac beo-athar, ben aurnadma, d�er flatha.

[Note 151: nad N]

152. Tr� maic nad rannat orbai: mac muini [et] aurlai [et] ingine fo thrilis.

[Note 152: erlai N]

153. Tr� �i nad eplet faill: �i dochuind, [et] dochraite, [et] anfis.

[Note 153: dochainn N docraite N]

154. Tr� fuile n� dlegat frecor: fuil catha, [et] e�it, [et] etargaire.

[Note 154: nad N etargaire N]

155. Tr� fuchachta nad increnat slabrai: a gab�il ar �cin, a sleith tri mescai, a turtugud do r�g.

[Note 155: f��chechta N slaibri N]

156. Tr� n� dlegat turbaidi: athchor maic, aicdi cherdai, g�allaigecht.

[Note 156: nad dlegait turbaid N aige cerda N]

157. Tr� aithne n� dlegat taisec: aithne n-�cuind, [et] ardneimid [et] aithne fuirmeda.

[Note 157: haitne nad dlegait taisec N ecoind N fuirmidai L]

158. Tr� mairb direnaiter beoaib: aball, coll, fidnemed.

[Note 158: dorenatar beo N]

159. Tr�[ar] n� ditoing n� fortongar: ben, angar, amlabar.

[Note 159: dotoing na fortoinger L amlobar N]

160. Tr� n� dlegat athchommus: mac [et] a athair, ben [et] a c�ile, d�er [et] a thigerna.

[Note 160: na dlegait N]

161. Tr� n�t fuigletar cia beith ar a ng�es: fer adgair [et] adgairther [et] focrenar fri breith.

[Note 161: nat fuigletar cia beit N fer adgair [et] adgair (sic) [et] adgairter [et] rocrenar N]

162. Tr� fors n� tuit aititiu 'na r�: b�s, anfis, anfaitches.

[Note 162: anfuichches L anbaitces N]

147. Three wealths in barren places: a well in a mountain, fire out of a stone, wealth in the possession of a hard man.

148. Three renovators of the world: the womb of woman, a cow's udder, a smith's moulding-block.

149. Three concealments upon which forfeiture does not close: a wife's dowry, the food of a married couple, a boy's foster-fee.

150. Three contracts that are reversed by the decision of a judge: the contracts of a woman, of a son, of a cottar.

151. Three that are incapable of special contracts[90]: a son whose father is alive, a betrothed woman, the serf of a chief.

[90] Or, 'of contracts on their own behalf.'

152. Three sons that do not share inheritance: a son begotten in a brake,[91] the son of a slave, the son of a girl still wearing tresses.

[91] Cf. the expression meirdrech muine, 'a bush-strumpet,' Laws v. 176, 4.

153. Three causes that do not die with neglect: the causes of an imbecile, and of oppression, and of ignorance.

154. Three bloodsheds that need not be impugned: the bloodshed of battle, of jealousy, of mediating.

155. Three cohabitations[92] that do not pay a marriage-portion: taking her by force, outraging her without her knowledge through drunkenness, her being violated by a king.

[92] fuchacht, or fuichecht, usually means 'cuckoldry,' a meaning which does not seem to suit here.

156. Three that are not entitled to exemption: restoring a son, the tools of an artificer, hostageship.

157. Three deposits that need not be returned: the deposits of an imbecile,[93] and of a high dignitary, and a fixed deposit.[94]

[93] i.e. a deposit made by an imbecile. Cf. Plato, Republic: "But surely you would never give back to a mad friend a sword which he had lent you?"

[94] But in the Heptads (Laws v. 196, 3) aithne fuirmida, there rendered by 'a deposited charge,' is enumerated as one of those to be restored even if there are no bonds to that effect.

158. Three dead ones that are paid for with living things: an apple-tree, a hazle-bush, a sacred grove.[95]

[95] there is nothing in the laws to explain this.

159. Three that neither swear nor are sworn: a woman, a son who does not support his father, a dumb person.

160. Three that are not entitled to renunciation of authority: a son and his father, a wife and her husband, a serf and his lord.

161. Three who do not adjudicate though they are possessed of wisdom: a man who sues, a man who is being sued, a man who is bribed to give judgment.

162. Three on whom acknowledgment does not fall in its time: death, ignorance, carelessness.

163. Tr� foimrimme n� dlegad d�re: homan, robud, toxal.

[Note 163: foimrime N foimrenn L na dlegaid N robad N]

164. Tr� duilgine conrannat gn�aid: duilgine coiri, duilgine muilinn, duilgine tige.

[Note 164: duilcinne N conrenad gnia N]

165. Tr� n�ill don� dlegar frithn�ill: n�ill mn� fri h�aitni, n�ill fir mairb, n�ill d�thir.

[Note 165: naill nad dlegad fritn�ill luige mna N luide N luige ditire N]

166. Tr� gr�da coillte t�ath ina ng�i: g�i r�g, g�i [.s]enchada, g�i bretheman.

[Note 166-220: om. HBMLec inango N go N]

167. Tr� s�ir dogn�at d�eru d�b f�in: tigerna renas a d�iss, r�gan t�ite co haithech, mac filed l�ces a cheird.

[Note 167: daoir dib fein N des N deissi L teid N treiges a cerd N]

168. Tr� ruip conberat duinechinaid: c� �raig, reithe lonn, ech daintech.

[Note 168: araid N reithid N daindtech N]

169. Tr� ruip ara t�agat cinta: c� foilm[n]ech, sleg caille, sliss�n chomneibi.

170. Tr� imuserenat: saill, imm, iarn, fechemnas toisc leimmid eicsi.

[Note 170: imus crenait saill N sall L iaronn N feitemnus toisc leine im eiccsi N]

171. Tr� comartha aragella i tig britheman: ecna, aisn�is, intlecht.

[Note 171: comardda L aragellat a tig bretheman N taig L aisnesen intliuchtach L]

172. Tr� dlegat aurfocrai: a�l coire, fidba cen [.s]eim, ord cen dimosc.

[Note 172: dlegait urfogr� N fidbaigh can tseim ord gan dimosc N dinsem L]

173. Tr� doruis g�a: tacra fergach, fotha n-utmall n-eolais, aisn�is cen chuimni.

[Note 173: fothad utmall N eolus aisena ocan coimni N]

174. Tr� doruis a n-aichnither f�r: frecra n-ainmnetach, �i fossad, s�ud fri f�adnu.

[Note 174: an aithniter fiorinne N freaccra n-ainmnedach N ainmeta L ai fosaid sodad N]

175. Tr� b�ada airechta: brithem cen f�asnad, etirchert cen �cnach, coma cen diupairt.

[Note 175: fuasna L]

176. Tr� tonna cen g�issi: tacra calad, breth cen eolas, airecht labar.

[Note 176: tonna gaisi N donnadgaissi L tonna gan gaoise H. 1. 11 brethem N]

177. Tr� b�ada insci: fosta, g�is, gairde.

[Note 177: buadad innsce N gois N]

178. Tr� cumtaig g�isse: immed n-eolais, l�n f�ssach, dagaigni do airbirt.

[Note 178: lion fasaid N]

163. Three usucaptions that are not entitled to a fine: fear, warning, asportation.

164. Three wages that labourers share: the wages of a caldron,[96] the wages of a mill, the wages of a house.

[96] i.e. of making a caldron, &c.

165. Three oaths that do not require fulfilment[97]: the oath of a woman in birth-pangs, the oath of a dead man, the oath of a landless man.

[97] Literally, 'a counter-oath, a second oath.'

166. Three ranks that ruin tribes in their falsehood: the falsehood of a king, of a historian, of a judge.

167. Three free ones that make slaves of themselves: a lord who sells his land, a queen who goes to a boor, a poet's son who abandons his (father's) craft.

168. Three brutes whose trespasses count as human crimes: a chained hound, a ferocious ram, a biting horse.

169. Three brutish things that atone for crimes: a leashed hound, a spike in a wood, a lath....[98]

[98] comneibi is a [Greek: hapax legomenon] to me.

170. Three things that ... salt-meat, butter, iron....[99]

171. Three signs that ... [99] in a judge's house: wisdom, information, intellect.

172. Three things that should be proclaimed: the flesh-fork of a caldron, a bill-hook without a rivet, a sledge-hammer without....[99]

[99] Obscure and probably corrupt.

173. Three doors of falsehood: an angry pleading, a shifting foundation of knowledge, giving information without memory.

174. Three doors through which truth is recognised: a patient answer, a firm pleading, appealing to witnesses.

175. Three glories of a gathering: a judge without perturbation, a decision without reviling, terms (agreed upon) without fraud.

176. Three waves without wisdom: hard pleading, judgment without knowledge, a talkative gathering.

177. Three glories of speech: steadiness, wisdom, brevity.

178. Three ornaments of wisdom: abundance of knowledge, a number of precedents, to employ a good counsel.

179. Tr� miscena indsci: rigne, dl�ithe, dulbaire.

[Note 179: miscne indsce N raighni L]

180. Tr� fostai dagbanais: fosta thengad [et] gensa [et] airnberntais.

[Note 180: fosta N fostadh tengad N airbertais N]

181. Tr� f�indil drochbanais: f�indil sc�l [et] ataid [et] airberntais.

[Note 181: om. N]

182. Tr� b�ada �taig: maisse, clithcha, suthaine.

[Note 182: buadhad N cliche N]

183. Tr� n� dlegat othras: fer asl�i flaith [et] fini [et] fili.

[Note 183: nad dlegait dire fer doslaig flaith [et] file [et] fine N feili L]

184. Tr� tharsuinn archuillet othras: echmuir, mil, saillti.

[Note 184: tharsunn L tarsuind aircaillti othiais N]

185. Tr� mn� n� dlegat d�ri: ben lasma cuma cip� las f�i, ben gatach, ben aupthach.

[Note 185: nat dlegait N cia las f(a)oi N optach N]

186. Tr� dofortat cach flaith: g�u, forsnaidm, fingal.

[Note 186: dofortad gach flatha N]

187. Tr� t�arascbait cach ngenmnaide: fosta, f�ile, sobraide.

[Note 187: tuarascb�la genmnaid fostad N]

188. Tr� ara n-aichnider cach fergach: �r, crith, imb�nad.

[Note 188: tri aichnider L aranaithnentur N hir L]

189. Tr� th�arascbait cach n-ainmnetach: s�mtha, t�a, imderead.

[Note 189: tuarascbalai gach nainmnedaigh samtad N tuai L]

19O. Tr� th�arascbait cach n-�allach: m�rthu, maisse, m�ine.

[Note 190: tuaruscbalai cach ndubalcai mortha N]

191. Tr� forindet cach n-umal: bochtatu, d�nnime, humall�it.

[Note 191: forinded N bochtai N]

192. Tr� airdi g�isse: ainmne, faiscsiu, f�thaige.

[Note 192: hairdhe N faicsi fathaidhi N]

193. Tr� airdi dr�isse: b�g, imresain, condailbe.

[Note 193: om. N]

194. Tr�de immifoilnge g�is do b�eth: ecna, fosta, sochoisce.

[Note 194: imfuilnge N]

195. Tr�de immifoilnge b�is do g�eth: f�asnad, ferg, mesca.

[Note 195: imfailnge baoth N]

196. Tr�de faillsiges cach ndag[.f]eras: d�n, gaisced, cr�sine.

[Note 196: cach degferus N cresenai N]

197. Tr�de faillsigedar cach ndroch[.f]eras: serba, miscais, midlachas.

[Note 197: faillsighus cach drochferus N]

198. Tr� fogl�aiset f�enledchu: ingreim, dolud, dommatu.

[Note 198: fainnelca N dolai N]

179. Three hateful things in speech: stiffness,[100] obscurity, a bad delivery.

[100] In Mod. Ir. righneas labhartha means 'an impediment in speech.' See Dinneen's Dictionary, s.v.

180. Three steadinesses of good womanhood: keeping a steady tongue, a steady chastity, and a steady housewifery.

181. Three strayings of bad womanhood: letting her tongue,[101] and ... and her housewifery go astray.

[101] Literally, 'stories.'

182. Three excellences of dress: elegance, comfort, lastingness.

183. Three that are not entitled to sick-maintenance: a man who absconds from his chief, from his family, from a poet.

184. Three sauces that spoil a sick-bed: ...,[102] honey, salt food.

[102] I believe echmuir to be the name of a plant: but I cannot find the reference.

185. Three women that are not entitled to a fine: a woman who does not care with whom she sleeps, a thievish woman, a sorceress.

186. Three things that ruin every chief: falsehood, overreaching, parricide.[103]

[103] Or rather 'murder of relations.'

187. Three things that characterise every chaste person: steadiness, modesty, sobriety.

188. Three things by which every angry person is known: an outburst of passion, trembling, growing pale.

189. Three things that characterise every patient person: repose, silence, blushing.

190. Three things that characterise every haughty person: pompousness, elegance, (display of) wealth.

191. Three things that tell every humble person: poverty, homeliness, servility.

192. Three signs of wisdom: patience, closeness, the gift of prophecy.

193. Three signs of folly: contention, wrangling, attachment (to everybody).

194. Three things that make a fool wise: learning, steadiness, docility.[104]

[104] Cf. d�n ecna dogni r�g do bocht, dogni g�eth do b�eth, &c., LL. 346^a35.

195. Three things that make a wise man foolish: quarrelling, anger, drunkenness.

196. Three things that show every good man: a special gift,[105] valour, piety.

[105] Such as art, poetry, &c.

197. Three things that show a bad man: bitterness, hatred, cowardice.

198. Three things that set waifs a-wandering: persecution, loss, poverty.

199. Tr� slabrada hi cumregar cl�ine: cotach, r�agail, rechtge.

[Note 199: racht N]

200. Tr� all frisa timargar b�scna: mainister, flaith, fine.

[Note 200: tri frisa N mineistir N flatha N]

201. Tr� caindle forosnat cach ndorcha: f�r, aicned, ecna.

202. Tr�de neimthigedar r�g: fonaidm ruirech, feis Temrach, roimse inna [.f]laith.

[Note 202: tri aranemiter r� N]

203. Tr� glais for�adat r�ine: n�ire, t�a, dochta.

[Note 203: ruini L]

204. Tr� heochracha aroslicet imr�itiu: mescca, tairisiu, serc.

[Note 204: oslaice imraite N]

205. Tr� orbai rannaiter fiad chomarbaib: orba dr�ith [et] orba d�sachtaig [et] orba sin.

[Note 205: rannait fia comarbaoibh (sic) N]

206. Tr� seithir �ited: tol, �ilde, f�ile.

[Note 206: aide toil N]

207. Tr� seithir sentad: cnet, genas, �itche.

208. Tr� seithir sogn�ise: feidle, soithnges, cuinnm�ne.

[Note 208: feili soingtes connamno N soithgnes L]

209. Tr� seithir dogn�ise: luinne, c�tludche, tairismige.

[Note 209: cetluithche N]

210. Tr� seithir sotcaid: sognas, sochell, s�arcus.

[Note 210: sottch N sothchaidh L sognais L]

211. Tr� seithir sochlatad: l�ire, trebaire, rathmaire.

212. Tr� seithir dochlatad: laxa, d�be, prapchaillte.

[Note 212: doclata N]

213. Tr� seithir ferge: �cnach, augra, doithnges.

[Note 213: doingteas N]

214. Tr� seithir deirmiten: tromdatu, espatu, utmaille.

215. Tr� seithir airmiten: torbatu, air�trumma, fosta.

216. Tr� banl�: l�an, mairt, c�t�in. Mn� co firu innib, bid m� a serc la firu ind� serc a fer leo-som [et] beit a mn� tar �is na fer sin.

[Note 216: bandla N at mna beit tara n-eiseiu N]

217. Tr� ferl�: .i. dard�in, �ine, domnach. Mn� co firu intib, beitit na mn� sin fo d�grad [et] beitit a fir dia n-�isi. Satharn immorro is laithe coitchenn. Is coml�th d�ib. L�an s�er do dul fri cach les.

[Note 217: aoine satharn n� domnach N innib N beidis N]

218. Tr� gn�ma r�tha: fosta, f�ile, lobra. Fosta i n-�rus, f�ile, arn� ebra g�e, lobra h�cce .i. l�cud a lomartha i n-indligud dar a [.f]echimain.

[Note 218: om. ratha L lubrai N anarus N heibre g�i N lubrai ice .i. leacadh lomartha anindliged dar cenn feichiman N]

199. Three chains by which evil propensity is bound: a covenant, a (monastic) rule, law.

200. Three rocks to which lawful behaviour is tied: a monastery,[106] a chieftain, the family.

[106] 'The credence-table,' N., perperam.

201. Three candles that illumine every darkness: truth, nature, knowledge.

202. Three things that constitute a king: a contract with (other) kings, the feast of Tara, abundance during his reign.

203. Three locks that lock up secrets: shame, silence, closeness.

204. Three keys that unlock thoughts: drunkenness, trustfulness, love.

205. Three inheritances that are divided in the presence of heirs: the inheritance of a jester, of a madman, and of an old man.

206. Three youthful sisters: desire, beauty, generosity.

207. Three aged sisters: groaning, chastity, ugliness.

208. Three well-bred sisters: constancy, well-spokenness, kindliness.

209. Three ill-bred sisters: fierceness, lustfulness, obduracy.

210. Three sisters of good fortune: good breeding, liberality, mirth.

211. Three sisters of good repute: diligence, prudence, bountifulness.

212. Three sisters of ill repute: inertness, grudging, closefistedness.

213. Three angry sisters: blasphemy, strife, foulmouthedness.

214. Three irreverent sisters: importunity, frivolity, flightiness.

215. Three reverent sisters: usefulness, an easy bearing, firmness.

216. Three woman-days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday. If women go to men on those days, the men will love them better than they the men, and the women will survive the men.

217. Three man-days: Thursday, Friday, Sunday. If women go to men on those days, they will not be loved, and their husbands will survive them. Saturday, however, is a common day. It is equally lucky to them. Monday is a free day to undertake any business.

218. Three duties of guarantorship: staying (at home), honesty, suffering (?); staying in one's residence, honesty lest he utter falsehood, suffering (?) payment, viz. letting oneself be stripped for an illegal action instead of the debtor.

219. Tr� brothch�in r�tha: �ir[i]c n� thogn�m fecheman no d�thechte.

[Note 219: brocain N no no thognim L ditechta N dithechdi L]

220. Tr� h�ais r�tha [et] aitiri [et] nadma .i. dul fri d�nam d�ine r�g [et] daurthaige [et] choiri. Ar is �ais do fir fine do thabairt fria c�ili.

[Note 220: eiteri N nadmadh fri N]

221. Tr� as anergnaid do neoch: slaide a eich r�ana thigerna co salaig a �tach, dul ina chocar cen gairm, a s�rd�icsiu ina agaid oc caithem neich.

[Note 221: is ainergna N tri saineargnaidh M slaige BN rena BMN sirdeicsin N sirdegsain BM caithium BM aeaitniem a coda N]

222. Tr� bassa t�chtai: bass etir a assa [et] a ochrai, bass etir a � [et] a berrad, bass etir chorthair a l�ined [et] a gl�n.

[Note 222: corrthair M]

223. Cia mesam hi trebod? Maic mn� m�ile, fleda menci, clemna ile, immat meda sc�o f�na: notchr�nat, n� thormaiget.

[Note 223: cidh is messa do trebad ni hansa N mic B imad fianna nodcrinaid [et] n�toirmuigid BM imchiana (!) N nitormaigett N]

224. Tr� galair ata ferr sl�inti: seola mn� for mac, gr�ss bronn-galair glanas broinn, gr�ss timgaire olc dia maith.

[Note 224: seol N sceola(!) for fermac BM galar timargur olc do maith N timgaire B di maith B do maith M]

225. Tr� f�ilti coirmthige: immed [et] d�thracht [et] elath�.

[Note 225: ealathaoi N ealado do neoch carthar BM]

226. Tr� fognama ata messam dogn� duine: fognam do drochmn�i [et] do drochthigerna [et] do drochgobainn.

[Note 226: mesa N drochflaith B drochferann N]

227. Tr� ata ferr i tig: daim, fir, b�la.

[Note 227: dam N]

228. Tr� ata messum i tig: maic, mn�, m�ile.

[Note 228: measum bite a taig mic BM]

229. Tr� comartha tirdachta .i. immargal [et] immarb�g [et] meraichne.

[Note 229: imurcal imurbaid imraithne N imabad LBM]

230. Cen�le amus: salanaig buale [et] buicc brodnai [et] e�in erchoille [et] seiche corad.

[Note 230: cenela BM buale om. BM earcaille M c�radh M]

231. Cen�le d�ileman: m�rmenmnach meda, bolcsr�nach broc�iti, itfa eserni, c�acroessach, donndabach, bolcra paitte, abartach escrai, geir grainne, cranndretel cuirn.

[Note 231: cenela BM metha H bolgsronach BM itfa eserne BM cuachroeasach BM cuachrochesach H baite BM haiti H abarthach easgraidh M gearr grandai B grenn graindi H crand rebartach H treiteal cuirnd M cuirnn L]

219. The pottages of guarantorship: wer-geld or a debtor's ... or non-possession (?)[107]

[107] Obscure and probably corrupt. Cp. � 139.

220. Three things hard to guarantee and to become a hostage and to make a contract for: to go security for constructing the fort of a king, an oratory, and a caldron. For it is hard for a man of a family to be given with (?) his fellow.[108]

[108] I cannot make out the meaning of doberim fri.

221. Three things that are undignified for everyone: driving one's horse before one's lord so as to soil his dress, going to speak to him without being summoned, staring in his face as he is eating his food.

222. Three lawful handbreadths: a handbreadth between shoes and hose, a handbreadth between ear and hair, a handbreadth between the fringe of the tunic and the knee.

223. What is worst in a household? Sons of a bawd, frequent feasts, numerous alliances in marriages, abundance of mead and wine. They waste you and do not profit.

224. Three illnesses that are better than health: the lying-in of a woman with a male child, the fever of an abdominal disease that clears the bowels, a feverish passion to check evil by its good (?).

225. Three welcomes of an ale-house: plenty and kindliness and art.

226. Three services the worst that a man can serve: serving a bad woman, a bad lord, and a bad smith.[109]

[109] 'bad land,' N.

227. Three things that are best in a house: oxen,[110] men, axes.

[110] 'an ox,' N.

228. Three that are worst in a house: boys, women, lewdness.[111]

[111] 'Or, perhaps, as in � 223, 'sons of a lewd woman,' only in that case we have no triad.

229. Three signs of boorishness: strife, and contention, and mistaking a person for another (?)[112]

[112] Or, perhaps, 'slight or superficial knowledge.'

230. Various kinds of mercenaries: ....[113]

231. Various kinds of dispensers: ....[113]

[113] As I could only offer unsatisfactory guess-work as a translation of these passages, I omit them altogether.

232. Tr� as anso b�s do accallaim .i. r� imma gab�il [et] Gall ina l�irig [et] athech do muin commairchi.

[Note 232: annsom (andso H) do agallaim b�s BHM rig M cumairce N a chumairci H]

233. Tr� as m� menma b�s .i. scol�c �ar l�gad a [.s]alm [et] gilla �ar l�cud a erraid �ad [et] ingen �ar nd�nam mn� d�.

[Note 233: trede BMHN scolaigi N scolaidi H �ar lecun a eri uada H �ar leccad a arad uad N]

234. Cetharda forn� b� cosc n� r�agail .i. gilla sacairt [et] c� muille�rach [et] mac bantrebthaige [et] gamain gamnaige.

[Note 234: fornach bi BM n� BM gamnaidhe M]

235. Tri h�ais d�ib: dul ar r�g n� �asal nemid, ar is lethiu enech r�g aidbriud; dul fri cath, ar n� t�alaing nech glinni fri cath acht r�g lasmb�at secht t�atha foa m�m; dul fri cimmidecht acht nech lasa mb� mug d�er. Secht n-aurgarta d�ib: dul ar deoraid, ar dr�th [et] ar d�sachtach, ar d�araig, ar angar, ar �conn, ar essconn. Imnedach dano cach r�th, ar is �cen d� d�anapud im cach ngell dobeir, aill riam, aill �arum.

[Note 235: nemi N it lethai L lethe N aidbriu N tulaing N glinde N acht nech laisimbiad N fo mammi N cimbidheacht acht nech lasambiad mogh daor diles N dasachtaig N imnedach dono cech raith N imni dano L dianapad N dobeir N]

236. Tr� hamra Glinne Dall�in i t�r Eogain: torcc Dromma Leithe, is ass rochin [et] is d�-side for[.f]�imid Finn n�, co torchair im Maig Lii la aithech b�i hic t�rad, ut dixit Finn:

N� mad biadsam ar cono. n� mad r�adsam ar n-echa tan is aithech�n �tha. romarb torcc Dromma Letha.

M�l Leittreach Dall�in, cenn duine fair, d�nam builc gobann olchena .i. ech usci rob�i isind loch i t�eb na cille, is h� doch�aid ar ing�n in t[.s]acairt co ndergene in m�l frie. Dam Dili in tres ingnad. Asind loch c�tna t�inic a athair co ndechaid for boin do b�aib in brugad rob�i i fail na cille, co ndeirgenai in dam de.

[Note 236: as as rocin N forfeimdi N Muig Hi N Muig Hith H. 1.15 ma biasam N ma riadsim ar n-eacha N ricsam andechi L Leth� N Leithi L ase docoid N fria N isin N co nderrna an dam fria N]

232. Three that are most difficult to talk to: a king about his booty, a viking in his hauberk, a boor who is under patronage.

233. Three whose spirits are highest: a young scholar after having read his psalms, a youngster who has put on man's attire,[114] a maiden who has been made a woman.

[114] Literally, 'who has doffed his (boy's) clothes.'

234. Four on whom there is neither restraint nor rule: the servant of a priest, a miller's hound, a widow's son, and a stripper's calf.

235. Three hard things[115]: to go security on behalf of a king or highly privileged person, for a king's honour is wider than any claim; to go security for battle, for no one is capable of any security for a battle save a king under whose yoke are seven tribes; to go security for captivity, except one who owns a serf.

Seven prohibitions: to go security for an outlaw, for a jester and for a madman, for a person without bonds, for an unfilial person, for an imbecile, for one excommunicated. Troublesome moreover is every security, for it is necessary for it to give sudden notice as regards every pledge which he gives, now beforehand, now afterwards.

[115] I do not understand the force of d�ib, 'to them,' either here or below after secht n-aurgarta.

236. Three wonders of Glenn Dallan[116] in Tirowen: the boar of Druim Leithe. It was born there, and Finn was unable to do aught against it, until it fell in Mag Li[117] by a peasant who was kiln-drying. Whence Finn said:

[116] Now Glencar, six miles to the north of the town of Sligo.

[117] The territory of the Tir L�, west of the river Bann.

"Not well have we fed our hounds, Not well have we driven our horses, Since a little boor from a kiln Has killed the boar of Druim Leithe."

The Beast of Lettir Dallan. It has a human head and otherwise the shape of a smith's bellows. The water-horse which lived in the lake by the side of the church cohabited with the daughter of the priest and begot the beast upon her.

The Ox of Dil[118] is the third wonder. Its father came out of the same lake, and went upon one of the cows of the landholder who lived near the church, and begot the ox upon her.

[118] The oxen of Dil, daughter of M�l or Legmannair, are mentioned in the Dindsenchas, No. 44 and 111 (Rev. Celt. xv.).

237. Tr� hamra Connacht: lige n�othaili 'na thr�cht. Comard h� frisin tr�cht. Intan atraig in muir, comard h� fria l�n. Dirna (.i. cloch) in Dagdai, cia fochertar im-muir, cia berthair hi tech fo glass, dodeime a tiprait oca mb�. In d� chorr i n-Inis Cathaig, nocha l�gat corra aili leo inna n-insi [et] t�it in banchorr isin fairrgi s�ar do duth, co t�et cona heis�nib essi [et] nocon fagbat curaig eolus cia airm in doithi.

[Note 237: comaird i frisin lan N focerda a muir no cia bertar N no do deime no dogeibter a tibraid oca mbid N do n� todeime L corr N chuirr L Ceitig N leigitt N do doich N heisenaib eisib [et] nochan fagbuid N eolus om. L hairm in doich N]

238. Tr� luchra ata mesa: luchra tuinde, luchra mn� b�ithe, luchra con fol�imnige.

[Note 238: om. LHBM luchra duine H^1 foleimnigh N]

239. Cisne tr� ana soitcedach? N� handsa s�n. Immarchor erlam, cuirm cen �rus, cummairce for s�t.

[Note 239: a tri N]

240. Tr� maic beres genas do g�is: gal, gart, gaire.

241. Tr� airfite d�la: dr�th, fuirsire, oirce.

[Note 241: druith H^1]

242. Tr� ata ferr do [.f]laith: f�r, s�th, sl�g.

[Note 242: adda H^1]

243. Tr� ata mesa do [.f]laith: l�n, brath, m�airle.

[Note 243: adda H^1 ada N]

244. Ceithre b�is breithe: a breith i ng�, a breith cen dilse, a breith cen ailig, a breith cen forus.

[Note 244: disle H^1 disliu N]

245. Tr� adcoillet g�is: anfis, doas, d�chuimne.

[Note 245: a tri N ainbh[.f]es H^1 duas H^1]

246. Tr� muime ordain: delb ch�in, cuimne maith, creisine.

[Note 246: ordan H^1 chaoin H^1]

247. Tr� muime menman: sotla, suirge, mesce.

[Note 247: socla .i. sochl� H^1]

248. Cetheora miscne flatha: .i. fer b�eth utmall, fer d�er d�m�in. fer g�ach esindraic, fer labor d�sceoil; ar n� tabair labrai acht do chethrur: .i. fer cerda fri h�ir [et] molad, fer coimgni cuimnech fri haisn�is [et] sc�lugud, brethem fri bretha, sencha fri senchas.

249. Tr� dorcha in betha: aithne, r�thaiges, altrom.

237. Three wonders of Connaught: the grave of Eothaile[119] on its strand. It is as high as the strand. When the sea rises, it is as high as the tide.

The stone of the Dagda. Though it be thrown into the sea, though it be put into a house under lock, ... out of the well at which it is.

The two herons in Scattery island. They let no other herons to them into the island, and the she-heron goes on the ocean westwards to hatch and returns thence with her young ones. And coracles have not discovered the place of hatching.

[119] Cf. � 197.

238. Three worst smiles: the smile of a wave, the smile of a lewd woman, the grin of a dog ready to leap.[120]

[120] Cf. � 91.

239. What are the three wealths of fortunate people? Not hard to tell. A ready conveyance(?), ale without a habitation(?), a safeguard upon the road.

240. Three sons whom chastity bears to wisdom: valour, generosity, laughter (filial piety?).

241. Three entertainers of a gathering: a jester, a juggler, a lap-dog.

242. Three things that are best for a chief: justice, peace, an army.

243. Three things that are worst for a chief: sloth, treachery, evil counsel.

244. The four deaths of judgment: to give it in falsehood, to give it without forfeiture, to give it without precedent, to give it without knowledge.

245. Three things that ruin wisdom: ignorance, inaccurate knowledge, forgetfulness.

246. Three nurses of dignity: a fine figure, a good memory, piety.

247. Three nurses of high spirits: pride, wooing, drunkenness.

248. Four hatreds of a chief: a silly flighty man, a slavish useless man, a lying dishonourable man, a talkative man who has no story to tell.[121] For a chief does not grant speech save to four: a poet for satire and praise, a chronicler of good memory for narration and story-telling, a judge for giving judgments, an historian for ancient lore.[122]

[121] i.e., who has nothing worth hearing to say.

[122] See a similar passage in Ancient Laws i., p. 18, and in the tale called, 'The Conversion of Loegaire to the Faith' (Rev. Celt. iv., p. 165).

249. Three dark[123] things of the world: giving a thing into keeping, guaranteeing, fostering.

[123] i.e., uncertain what will come of them.

250. Tr� urgarta b�d: a chaithem cen altugud, a chaithem d'�is �iged, a chaithem r�na thrath c�ir.

[Note 250: haurgartho N^1 hurgairt HM hurghairrthe H^2 d'aithli aidead H c�ir om. NH^2 iarna coir M]

251. Cetheora aipgitre g�ise: ainmne, sonmathe, sobraid[e], sothnges; ar is g�eth cach ainmnetach [et] s�i cach somnath, fairsing cach sobraid, sochoisc cach sothengtha.

[Note 251: somna sobraicch H^2 sob�s N soingthes H^2 somnoigh H^2 farsigh [leg. farsing] .i. sgaoiltech H^2]

252. Cetheora aipgitre b�ise: b�ithe, condailbe, imresan, doingthe.

253. Teora s�rechta flatha: cuirmthech cen aisn�is, buiden cen erdonail, d�rim cen chona.

[Note 253: airdanail N erdanail N^1]

254. Tr� indchoisc ordain do duine: .i. sodelb, s�ire, sulbaire.

[Note 254: a tri ina coisceadh ordan M suirbire H]

255. Tr� g�ala don� fess fudomain: g�ala flatha, g�ala ecalse, g�ala nemid filed.

[Note 255: dana H fodhomain M]

256. Tr� f�ich nach dlegar faill: f�ich th�re, duilgine achaid, argius aiste.

[Note 256: nat eple faill M aichid M arguius H]

250. Three prohibitions of food: to eat it without giving thanks, to eat it before its proper time, to eat it after a guest.

251. Four elements[124] of wisdom: patience, docility, sobriety, well-spokenness; for every patient person is wise, and every docile person is a sage, every sober person is generous, every well-spoken person is tractable.

252. Four elements[124] of folly: silliness, bias, wrangling, foulmouthedness.

[124] Literally, 'alphabets.'

253. Three tabus of a chief: an ale-house without story-telling, a troop without a herald, a great company without wolfhounds.[125]

[125] This triad has been wrongly read (faiscre instead of faisneis) and rendered by O'Grady in his Catalogue of Ir. mss. in the British Museum, p. 91.

254. Three indications of dignity in a person: a fine figure, a free bearing, eloquence.

255. Three coffers whose depth is not known: the coffer of a chieftain, of the Church,[126] of a privileged poet.

[126] "Die Kirche hat einen guten Magen," Goethe, Faust.

256. Three debts which must not be neglected:[127] debts of land, payment of a field, instruction (?) of poetry.

[127] 'Which do not die by neglect,' M.

GLOSSES AND NOTES

1. Gloss in H. 1. 15: oir gurab innte do bh� suidhe pr�omhaigh �irenn.

2. .i. ordaighecht n� ord uaisle n� airechas .i. arduaislighecht tre adhluicedh na r�ogh inte [et] na naoimh.

4. .i. serc �irenn � annsacht ch�ich uirre tre Muire na nGaodhal .i. Brighid.

5. .i. naomthacht tre naomaibh, n� foghluim sruth .i. saoi-raith.

7. .i. feronn buird riogh �irenn.

11. .i. tre c�ich innte n� tre n-iomad taisi innte.

13. .i. eircille ar gr�dhuibh dar nd�igh fa tuarasdul giolla foic[h]le, n� tuarastail.

14. .i. liod�in do gn�th.

15. .i. ealadhna m�r ann [et] senchaoi [.f]esa na sen.

16. .i. a n-iomat breithemhuin, n� c�irt, n� sgol f�inechuis ann.

17. .i. � iomad scol innte.

18. .i. aoibnes n� con�ch n� er t�r fo sliocht �ireann.

20. .i. tre leigen Temhrach. This refers to the curse pronounced by Ruadan, the founder of Lorrha, against King Diarmait and Tara.

19. .i. ag guidhe ar gach duine.

22. .i. cairedh inte. St. Feichin, the founder of Fore, was famous for the austerity of his devotion. 'He used to set his wretched rib against the hard cell without raiment,' says Cuimmine in his poem on the Saints of Ireland (Zeitschr., I., p. 63).

24. .i. diamharracht n� aon ar anacht n� gloine.

25. .i. luathghaire a mBreifne.

26. .i. gr�dh D�.

28. .i. �it comhnuidhe.

30. .i. cill as mesa do cheallaibh n� b�im aithesach n� ceall d�ir.

31. .i. genmnacht.

32. .i. l�ime tara do tugsat.

33. .i. bailte bodaich.

34. tr� clothra .i. coimhthineoil cluacha n� uirdherca.

36. D�n Sobairchi and D�n Cermna are, according to tradition, the oldest stone forts in Ireland, having been built by Sobairche and Cermna, who divided Ireland between them, about 1500 B.C., the former placing his d�n in the extreme north, the latter in the extreme south on the Old Head of Kinsale.

37. Sl�ab Cua (or, by eclipse after the neuter sl�ab, G�a), 'the hollow mountain,' or 'mountain of hollows' (c�a = Lat. cavus), the native name for the Knockmealdown mountains on the borders of Tipperary and Waterford.

42. Dercc Ferna was demolished by the Norse in 930. Hennessy, in a note on the entry in the AU., says that it is supposed to be the cave of Dunmore, not far from the city of Kilkenny, but adds "apparently on insufficient evidence."

44. i. ionadha dona no nemhchon�ig. Here we get the only gloss in L. Bangor is said to be unlucky, "because of its having been destroyed so often." It was frequently plundered by the Norse during the ninth century. As to the kingship of Mugdorn Maigen (now Cremorne barony, Co. Monaghan), it certainly was an ill-fated dynasty. Of the sixteen kings of this tribe who are mentioned in the Annals of Ulster, ten were put to death, of whom one (Suibne) was slain by his own brothers, while two brothers, Gilla Ciar�in and M�elm�aid, were slain within the same year (1020), the latter after having been king for but one day.

45. Beyond the fact that the three tribes here mentioned belonged to the aithech-thuatha or rent-paying tribes, I know nothing to throw light on the triad.

51. In Harl. 5280, p. 75a, marg. inf., Druimm nDrobeoil is said to derive its name from a horse called Drobel. (Ech Dedad. i. Drobel a ainm diat� Druim nDrobeoil.)

56. Here H. has the absurd etymological gloss futhairbhe .i. fothirbhe .i. t�r mhaith na mbeo, n� ferann maith.

60. L�im Congcoluinn i gcondae in Chl�ir.

64. .i. miodhchon�ch duine. Suighe cumhang .i. deireoil.

65. iarmar cl�ithe .i. salchar na cl�ithe d'f�gbhail a bferann. drithlennach .i. ferthain anuas n� linn thr�d.

66. The first two items occur also in the list of proverbial sayings addressed by the Wizard Doctor to Mac Conglinne (Aisl. Maic C., p. 73), with the significant variation that 'a veteran in the abbotship' has become 'a veteran in the bishop's chair,' showing that the 'Vision of Mac Conglinne' was composed at a time when the diocese had superseded the old monastic constitution. As to the 'drop upon the altar,' though O'Neachtain's gloss explains it as 'rain' (bainne .i. fer[th]uinn anuas), the Rev. Mr. O'Sullivan has furnished me with a much more likely explanation. He thinks it refers to the spilling of the consecrated wine from the chalice, which is considered a most unfortunate accident. No one but a priest is allowed to touch or remove it.

71. .i. tri donais mhic bodaigh. re �igthigerna .i. re duine uasal. for thascar r�gh .i. c�imionnadh m�ra do ghlacadh air (!) .i. do thabhairt uaidhe do striopach (!) .i. do thocaidhibh n� ar son gatuigechtadh.

72. targha .i. tineol no cruinnugadh .i. malairt [.f]erainn mhaith ar dhrochferonn.

74. haonaighe nesairte .i. eisert .i. bochtain lag. gan airdhe .i. gan comhartha n� arra aige le gcennocha n�.

75. caol srithide a foilleirb .i. an sreab bainne da chr� .i. soidech. .i. fochan an gheamhair. for tuinn .i. faoi an cennar chroichin .i. ag denamh druithnechuis.

76. dorn daimh .i. cos ag treabhath.

77. mes .i. � laimh. tomharas .i. � [.s]�il. cubhus .i. �na coimhesa .i. coimhfiosa.

79. eadruidh .i. adhaltraigh. cluithe .i. clesuighes. c�ilighe .i. cuairt.

80. maoin .i. tabhartus d'faghail uaide.

81. dognas .i. nemhghnas. diomaoinche .i. d�th maoine .i. do chuid do bhuain dhiod.

83. troich .i. do gerr[.s]aoghul. Cp. Aisl. Maic Conglinne, p. 71, 20.

84. �ine la daor .i. saidhbrios ag daor neimhnidh .i. aithioch n� fer gan senchus. doidheilbh .i. duine gr�n[n]amh.

85. b� bennach gan eas .i. sreibh n� bainne. tothacht .i. gan t�bhacht faoithe .i. tochus.

86. �ibhle .i. splangca lasta gr�dha. aladh .i. h�sa maith.

87. .i. tr� n� curthar a ttaisge ara ccurtar caithemh. mn� .i. taisge.

88. teidhe (sic) .i. aonaigh.

89. Seghaine .i. caomha n� s�imhe. f�thrann .i. rann f�thach. adhbhann tri ciuil do [.s]einimh duine eile. berradh .i. eolus berr[th]a n� do bherrath go des. These three accomplishments were united in the person of Mac D�ch�eme, the barber of King Eochaid with horse's ears (Otia Merseiana, III., p. 47), and in Donnb� (Three Fragments, p. 34, and Rev. Celt. 24, p. 44).

90. cluiche tenn .i. s�gradh ten[n]. abhacht go n-aithis .i. s�gradh le masla do thabairt.

91. .i. iar n-eal� �na fer f�in. foileimnighe .i. chum do gerrtha .i. iar leigion sealga uaithe.

92. foghladha .i. gadaighe.

93. .i. tr� haonarain is ferr ion� iomad. .i. beg�n do chaint mhaith. .i. ag �l fleadha n� sec[h]na imresain.

94 br�na .i. hamghaire. .i. deglaoch nach s�iseocha c�ch. .i. ga nderna ina ainim munath s�saigh[th]e �.

95. .i. faoi nd�ntar magaid. lonn .i. fergach. �ataigh .i. eudmhar. d�bhach .i. doichleach.

99. gretha .i. garrtha. .i. g�ir ag fodhail a mb�dh. grith suidhe .i. chuman[n] bh�dh. .i. ag �irghe �n mbiadh.

101. .i. postaidhe fir boigechta .i. boiggniomh. imgellad .i. s�or-c[h]ur geallta. iomarbhaigh .i. com�rtas. imresain .i. consp�idedha.

103. luirge .i. a bhata n� a mhn� (lorg .i. ben, abhall, laoch, leo, arg).

104. da maoidhemh air f�in gan nech da chur cuige.

105. os focherd a congan .i. fiadh chuires de a benna.

106. sceinbh .i. ionadha baoghlacha dochum sceinm do chur i neach n� ionada sccunamhla.

107. allabair .i. mac-alla n� iollabhar is gn�th a bhfod � neach.

109. labra .i. iomad cainte. aimhiodhna .i. nemhgloine.

110. toa .i. bailbhe .i. �istecht. eiscis .i. escuidhecht. iodhna .i. glaine.

112. moladh iar luag .i. cennach tabhairt ar moladh.

113. .i. imthecht gion nach bh[.f]�dann t� imthecht. .i. n� do thabhairt uaid na mbia agat. .i. gen go bf�dann t� a dh�namh.

114. .i. senchaillioch triudhach casachtach ar aondhacht ann. .i. amhail cullach le buille ar choin, ar chat, ar mhada. .i. gach gr�nna siobharrtha 'na ghiolla.

116. .i. a n-onoruighther n� uaislighther. .i. pluice ag s�neadh a beoil. righe a bhronn .i. a bhuilg.

117. c�rmaire .i. 'fer d�nta na gc�or. dichetal for otrach .i. adhbhal-cantainn le rosg n� orrtha. go rothochra .i. go docuiredh.

118. dlughughadh .i. cnesughadh. freiscre .i. frisearadh gan sergadh. l�th tar luaitbrenn .i. for a tighibh n� templuibh .i. rennaigheacht do cuiredh sa luaith. b�im fo chumas .i. buille a coimhmheiseamnuighe f�in.

119. dighalra .i. leighios ioml�n na ngalar. diainmhe .i. gan ainiomh d' f�gail iar genedhuibh. .i. coimh[.f]�csin n� f�oradharc.

120. .i. bior dobheir s�sadh as gach n� rachad fair.

121. caer comraic .i. raed cruinn go ccomhtharrachtain d'iomat dath ann. fleath for faobhar .i. faobhar for faobhar.

122. cruitire .i. cl�irseoir.

125. comar .i. docum treabtha n� coimhgh�lsine.

131. truime .i. tromdhacht. toice .i. saidhbhres. talchaire .i. toil charthanach ag gach duine do.

132. .i. tri neithe aisn�isi an docon�igh.

133. tl�s [.i.] don� an trosgadh an duine tl�it[h].

135. .i. cnap�in m�s�namhla n� nemhcon�igh.

139. tr� brothc[h]�in r�tha .i. tr� neithe breithemhnuighther n� caoinbherthar ar ant� th�id a r�ithiges n� a n-urrughas. roitioc .i. �ocaidh na fiacha. rosiacht .i. �igion do nech do leanamhuin. rothocht .i. [et] mionnughadh 'sa gc�is.

140. tugha go bh[.f]�idibh .i. f�ide os toighe ar tech. imme go bfoighnagare (sic) .i. f�l [et] f�oriongaire maille ris. .i. go ngoradh g�r cloch a ndiaigh gortath na h�tha.

141. tr� f�ilte go n-iarnduibhe. fer gaide .i. an tan bh�os da chrochadh. .i. don� faisn�is.

142. tulfeaith (sic) .i. dr�is .i. toil f�ithe. dulsaine .i. c�inedh no c�inseoireacht.

143. gr�s .i. imdhergadh. rus .i. roifios. ruccaidh .i. ancroidhe.

145. nua corma .i. braitlis.

146. moaighthe .i. m�daighthe sochair do neoch.

147. teine a lucc (!) .i. [a] tteallach. n� la fer calaigh (!) .i. naomh�g, coite, b�d, long, do dhuine le purt.

148. aithgionta .i. neithe dobheir aithghin tarais no aithgini uatha. nes gabhann .i. m�la cr�.

149. .i. neithe ann a ttabhair neach iomarcaith naith [et] nach iadhann d�sle orrtha � nech dar ben iad. iarraid mic .i. luach oileamhna.

151. aurnadhma .i. p�sta.

153. .i. tr� c�isi nach b�saighenn d'faill do dh�namh umpa iad eibiulait .i. b�saighenn. dochraidhe .i. duine d�ochairdigh.

155. slabhra .i. imdhergtha .i. pecughadh le mn�i neich gan coibhche do dh�ol ionnta, nach gcennuighther le airn�is n� �iric do d�ol ionnta. .i. coimh�igniughadh do r�gh.

156. turbhadh .i. cairde d'iarraigh da ccur amach .i. da ttabhairt amach. .i. da athair tar �is altroma. .i. tar �is anbhaill do dh�namh a thabhairt da sealbhaightheoir. .i. braighe do tabhairt as l�imh le comhall s�otha.

157. .i. taisce do f�igfidhe ag �gciallaidh. .i. do fuigfidhe ag duine m�r. aithne formeda .i. do fuigfidhe gan aithne do thabhairt go cinnte i ccumhdach acht go h�ccinte air.

158. dorenathar b� .i. nech eirnighther no h�octhar le beo do thabhairt da gcenn. fidnemed .i. coill ar a bhfuil neimh[.s]enchus n� at� da gcumhdach la huasal.

159. Tr� n� dotoing n� fortongar. angar .i. mac ionghar nach bhfoghann da senoir do r�ir a dhualgais.

160. athchumas .i. do ghlacadh orra na athchomhasan (no do thabhairt daibh) (.i. ar a ceile).

161. .i. nach teighther faoi a bhfuigheall .i. a mbreitheamnuis. .i. cia do bheithdaois glic. fer adgair (.i. cu rios fios ort) agas adghairther (.i. an fer ar a gcuirther fios) agas ro crenair ria breith (.i. agas cennuighther mar breithemh le br�b le haghaidh breithe).

162. aitide .i. aonta. ainbhfaitches.

163. Tr� fo imrime n� dleagaid (.i. imthechta amhuil ar marcuigheght) dire (.i. dire enecluise). toxal .i. t�ccbhail agus ag d�namh athghab�la.

164. duilchinn.

165. Tr� naoill .i. luighe n� mionna nach c�ir mhionnughadh 'na n-aghaidh. fir mairb .i. do bheith le b�s go cinnte. ditire .i. do thr�ig a th�r .i. do chur c�ram an t[.s]aoighil de.

166. .i. c�imionna mhilleas an tuaith le br�ig.

167. renus a dheis .i. a dh�thaigh n� a feronn .i. bodach � [et] n� bh[.f]uil ced sencuis air.

168. For comberat H^1 has conrannat. dainntech .i. gremannach n� buailtech.

170. feichemhnas .i. lucht tagartha n� oificc na bh[.f]eithemhan. toisc. leimim. eicsi .i. muna foghluma.

171. aradgeallad. breithemhuin .i. fuasglais neach.

172. urfogradh .i. air ar coir miothaithnemh. ael coire .i. ag t�gbhail feola coiri. fiodhbhaigh gan tseinm .i. meileg gan semann no thairn[g]e da chengal. ord ghabhan[n] gan dinesc gan tairn[g]e annsa bpoll .i. d�on ina eis.

173. fotha utmhall gan eolus .i. bunadhas gan forus acht haimhnech, utmhall .i. roluath.

174. soadh fri fiadnaib .i. iompodh a n-aghaidh na bhfiadhan do haondaighe.

175. breithemh gan [.f]uasna .i. techt 'na aghaidh. eidirchert gan �accnach .i. breithemhnas gan idhiomradh 'na dhiaigh. comha gan diubhairt .i. gan bhreith do bhreith le caomhmha n� gan leatrom aonroinn.

176. Tr� tonna gan gaoise .i. do chuires anfa ar ghaois .i. gliocas.

177. fostadh .i. foisdinecht. gairde .i. athchumairecht.

179. .i. c�isi far c�ir mioscuis don urlabhra. dl�ithe .i. ar muin a ch�ile.

180. fostadh .i. na tengan 'na sost. airnbertais .i. ag d�namh [et] ag ordughadh gach neithe mar as d�.

182. maise .i. bregha. clithighe .i. bheith clithar.

183. tr� n� dleaghaidh dire .i. truaighe n� comairce. .i. ealaighes � flaith. agas file .i. � eglais (!).

184. .i. tr� hanlain[n] chrosta don othar. each .i. feoil eich. muir .i. m�l mhoir .i. cointinn ar coinntinn.

186. Instead of forsnaidm, H. 1. 15 has forran .i. f�rbrised.

187. sobhraidhe .i. br�gh maith n� l�idir.

188. �r .i. fer[g].

189. sam (sic) .i. anmhuin go socair. tua .i. socht n� �istecht. imdhergadh .i. gr�osadh n� n�ire.

190. m�rt[h]a .i. m�rthacht. maise .i. maisech lais f�in. maoine .i. a mhes gurab maoineach �.

191. forindet .i. don� faisn�is ar in umhal. dinmhe .i. dith inmbe.

192. faicse (sic) .i. meabair maith. f�thaidhe .i. bheith foghluma f�ith-chialluigh.

195. fuasnadh .i. imresan.

196. cach ndagferas .i. guch feidhm n� gn�omh ioml�n n� feramhuil.

197. serbha .i. goid.

198. .i. docuires chum siubhail iad fainealca. ingreim .i. do [.s]lad n� da gcrechadh. dola .i. da ngremughadh. domata .i. boichtecht.

200. fine .i. iomad fine n� m�irmhes an fine.

202. fornaidm ruirioch .i. r�ogha eile congbhail faoi. roimhse .i. roimhes n� torad m�r ina [.f]laith.

203. tua .i. bailbhe. dochta .i. �istecht (!).

204. tairisamh .i. coimhniughadh alfaire neich.

205. .i. i bh[.f]iadhnuise na gcomharcadh. .i. daoine gan ch�ill .i. daoine ag imthecht le gaoith.

207. �itche .i. gr�inche.

208. soingthes .i. urlabhradh mhaith. connamhna .i. coma degmhana n� de[g]mianadh.

209. luinne .i. fergaighe. c�tludche .i. c�dluath ghaire. tairismidhe .i. iomarcraidh griaidh da chur a gc�ill .i. tairismidhe.

210. sognas .i. goma maith le a ghn�thugadh. soicheall .i. goma soichellach n� luathghairech.

211. .i. tr� 'ga mb�onn cl� maith. trebaire .i. gliocas. rathmaire .i. rath m�r do techt air n� bhf�s fair.

212. dochlatad .i. miochluid. laxa .i. faillidhe. prapcaillte .i. a bheith cruaidh [et] luath .i. bheith caillte anna chuid go luath.

213. ecnach .i. ithiomradh. doingthes .i. droichtengadh.

214. deirmiten .i. athairmhidin. easpata .i. diomhaoines.

216. .i. tr� laithe as sona do mhn�ibh p�sta. mn� go fiora .i. mn� do thabhairt chum p�sta. .i. biadh na mn� beo 'na ndiaidh.

217. fri gach leas .i. gach neithe bhus leas d�.

218. r�tha .i. urradha. fostadh .i. comhnuidhe. f�ile .i. n�ire. lomradh .i. ag lomairt ag d�ol fiachadh. fostodha a n-arus .i. comhnuidhe a bprios�n lomradh �ce .i. da lomairt f�in ag d�ol fiachadh n� fulang � f�in do lomradh do r�ir dlighe .i. leigen lomartha an dlighe dar cenn feichemhan.

219. eiric no toghniomh feichemhan (.i. an t-�oc do dh�namh darcenn a bhiodhbha) no dithecht.

220. .i. tr� neithe as anf� (leg. ansa) n� as doiligh dhaibh. .i. dol a n-urrudhas d�n righ do dh�namh, decair sin. coire .i. coire longan. .i. do thabhairt an urrudhas re cechtar doibh sin aroile do dh�namh.

221. tr� as ainer[g]na (.i. neimhealadhanta) do neach. .i. no go salaighenn a eudach do scarduibh.

222. ochradh .i. alt. berradh .i. mullach a chinn.

223. mic .i. iomad mac. mn� .i. iomad ban. m�ile .i. amadan. cleamhna ile imchiana .i. iomad clemhnas a gc�in. notcrionad (.i. dibrid) agus n� thormaighid (.i. n� mh�daighid a tighes).

224. seol mn� for mac .i. luighe seola. gris bronn .i. tesuighecht. galar tiomargar olc .i. togbhus an t-olc [et] [.f]�gbhus an mhaith 'na h�it f�in.

225. .i. gar c�ir f�ilte rompa, no dobheir an [.f]�ilte a ttigh fleadha im duthracht [et] ealatha .i. ealadha do thaisbeana[dh].

227. daimh. bealai .i. tuadh, biail.

229. tiordhachta .i. tuathamhlacht no bodamhlacht. iomargal .i. ime ro mheraighe focal. iomarbhaidh .i. comartus gn�omh. meraigecht .i. mire.

230-231. omitted in H. 2. 15.

232. r� ima gabhail .i. im geall n� chreich. aithech do mhuin coimeirce .i. bodach ar a mbeith dh� ar coimeirce, n� tenn ar ch�l aige.

233. .i. scolaire iar gcriochnughadh a leighen .i. iar leagha n� egluisech iar nd�namh ornaidhe. iar leaccad a araidhechta uadh .i. iar ccriochnughadh a term a n� aimsire.

235. tr� huais doibh .i. gar doilge doibh. .i. a n-urrdhas ar righ, ar esbog do bhrigh a leithe eneaclann an righ, n� int� at� na cronughadh ann. dul fri cath .i. dul a n-urrughas le cur catha. fri cimidh .i. dul a n-urrughas le brughaidh n� le siothcain. .i. secht neithe crosta dont� rachadh a n-urrughas orra. dol ar dheoruighe .i. dol a n-urrughas. ar dhiaraigh .i. gan �rus no coimhnaidhe aige. ar druith .i. duine gan c�ill, ar dhiaraigh .i. nach feidir �rach air. ar angar .i. mac iongar. ar esccong (!) .i. senoir iar ndul a ch�ille uaidh. imnedhach dona gacha r�th (im[.s]n�omhach go f�rinnech gach urrughas d�obh sin), .i. fulang dianbh�s no dianollmhughadh no urfogra fa gach gealla dobheir aill ria n-aill iaromh .i. mionna a n-aghaidh mionn an [.f]ir oile .i. nach decha s� a n-urrudhas no le d�ola.

236. ag tioradh .i. ag goradh arbha.

238. luchra .i. gaire n� genamh.

239. .i. cia hiat na tr� sonais dogheibh an duine sonadh? N� handsa son .i. n� hainbh[.f]esach misi ar sin. iomarchor .i. iomchar. cuirm gan �ra .i. deoch gan tech aige. .i. ar an tslighe go teghmaisech.

240. gaire .i. gaire maith.

241. .i. do n� oirfide n� comhluadar i gcomhd�il. druith .i. amat�n. foirsire abhl�ir n� ursoire. oircc (sic) .i. mesan n� c� beg.

243. l�an .i. amhgar. brath .i. ar comarsan.

244. a breith a ng� .i. g�breith br�gach. gan disle .i. faoi omhan gan �rach. gan ailic .i. gan hailche 'na timchioll .i. rosg [et] fasach.

246. duas .i. droich[.f]ios.

247. socla (sic) .i. sochl�. suirge .i. le mn�ibh.

248. .i. ceitheora da ttugann flaith mioscais n� nemhdh�il. baoth .i. leamh. uttmhall .i. roluath. fer labhar disceoil .i. labharrach cainntech gan sceol aige. fer coimhghne cuimhnech .i. go caoimhegna [et] cuimhne senchusa.

251. somna .i. so-omhnach .i. so-eglach (!). sobraicch .i. sobr�oghach.

252. condailbhe .i. b�ghach n� leathtaobhach. doingthe .i. doitenguighe.

253. tr� sirrechta flatha .i. suthainghesa n� neithe bh�os toirmisc ar uasal. .i. fleadha gan ealadha da [.f]aisn�is. .i. cuitechta gan donail p�obaire 'na tosach.

INDEX LOCORUM

Ached D�o, 106.

Ae Ch�alann, 38.

Ardmacha Armagh, 1, 34, 46.

Ard mBrecc�in Ardbrackan, 23.

Ath Caille, 48.

Ath Cl�ath Duiblinne, 48, 50.

Ath L�ain Athlone, 48.

Bairenn the Burren, 58.

Banna the Bann, 40.

Belach Conglais Baltinglass, 50.

Belach Duiblinne, 50.

Belach Luimnig, 50.

Bennchor Bangor, 5, 44.

Benn mBoirchi Slieve Donard, 38.

Benntraige Bantry, 45.

B�rre Beare, 58.

Birra Birr, 108.

B�and the Boyne, 40.

Braichlesan Brigde, 57.

Breifne, 58.

Caisel Cashel, 54.

Cathair Chonr�i, 36.

Cell Dara Kildare, 4, 34.

Cell Maignenn Kilmainham, 32.

Cell R�aid, 30.

Cenannus Kells, 7.

Cl�ain Eidnech Clonenagh, 108.

Cl�ain Eois Clones, 53.

Cl�ain Ferta Br�nainn Clonfert, 19.

Cl�ain Iraird Clonard, 3, 33, 53.

Cl�ain Maic N�is Clonmacnois, 2, 34, 53.

Cl�ain �ama Cloyne, 12.

Connacht, 43, 237.

Corcach Cork, 16.

Crecraige, 43.[TN 45]

Cr�ach�n Aigli Croagh Patrick, 38.

Cr�achu Croghan, 35, 54.

C�ailgne Coolney, 43, 62.

C�alu, 46.

Dairchaill, 27.

Daire Calgaig Derry, 32.

Derc Ferna, 42.

Druimm Fingin, 51. In Munster, famous for its fertility. See LL. 15^a 11.

Druimm Lethan Drumlane, 25.

Druimm nDrobe�il, 51.

Druimm Leithe, 51, 236.

Dublinn Dublin, 50.

Duma mB�rig, 106.

D�n C�in Dunquin, 60.

D�n Cermna, 36.

D�n D� Lethglas Downpatrick, 26.

D�n Sobairche Dunseverick, 36.

Ess Danainne, 55.

Ess Maige, 55.

Ess R�aid Assaroe, 55.

Fid D�icsen i Tuirtri, 43.

Fid Moithre i Connachtaib, 43.

Fid M�r i C�ailgni, 43.

Findglais Finglas, 8.

Fobur F�ich�n Fore, 22.

Glasraige, 45.

Glenn D� Locha Glendalough, 11, 33.

Glenn Dall�in Glencar, 236.

Imblech Ibair Emly, 15.

Inber F�ile, 59.

Inber na mB�rc, 59.

Inber T�aige, 59.

Inis Cathaig Scattery Island, 10, 237.

Lann Ela Lynally, 31, 44.

L�imm Conculainn Loop Head, 60.

Leithglend Leighlin, 108.

Less M�r Lismore, 14.

Lettir Dall�in, 236.

Loch nEchach Lough Neagh, 39.

Loch nErni Lough Erne, 39.

Loch R� Lough Ree, 39.

Lothra Lorrha, 20.

L�achair Dedad Logher, 61.

Lugbad Louth, 33.

Luimnech Limerick, 50.

Lusca Lusk, 6, 46.

Mag Cr�achan, 52.

Mag mBile Moville, 28.

Mag mBreg, 52.

Mag L�, 236.

Mag Lifi, 41, 52.

Mag Line, 41.

Mag Midi, 41.

Mugdorn Maigen Cremorne barony, 44.

R�ith mBoth Raphoe, 25.

R�ith Laidcni�in Rathlynan, 56.

Ross Ailithre Roscarbery, 17.

Ross Comm�in Roscommon, 24.

Sinann the Shannon, 40.

Sl�ine Slane, 21.

Sl�ab Comm�in, 56.

Sl�ab C�a, 37.

Sl�ab C�alann, 37.

Sl�ab F�ait the Fews, 61.

Sl�ab Manch�in, 56.

Sl�ab Mis, 37.

Slige Assail, 9, 49.

Slige D�la, 49.

Slige Midl�achra, 49.

Srub Brain, 60.

Tailtiu Teltown, 35.

Tamlachta Tallaght, 8.

Tech Cairnig, 9.

Tech Munna Taghmon, 32.

Temair Tara; gen. Temrach 54, 202.

Tipra Cuirp, 57. See Tog. Br. D� Derga � 154, YBL.

Tipra na nD�si, 57.

Tipra Uar�in Garaid, 57.

Tipra Uarbe�il, 57.

T�r D� Glas Terryglas, 18.

T�r Eogain Tirowen, 236.

Tr�ig Baili, 47.

Tr�ig L� Tralee, 61.

Tr�ig Ruis Airgit, 47.

Tr�ig Ruis T�iti, 47.

Tuirtri, 43.

Tulach na nEpscop, 106.

Tulen Dulane, 29.

Uam Chnogba Knowth, 42.

Uam Sl�ng� Slaney, 42.

INDEX NOMINUM

Colm�n Ela, 35.

Corbmac mac F�el�in, 62.

in Dagda 120, 237.

Dil, 236.

Eothaile, 107, 237.

Fergus mac R�ich, 62.

Finn, 236.

Morr�gan, 120.

Neithin, 120.

Ninn�ne �ces, 62.

GLOSSARY

abartach, from abairt, practice, feat, a. escrai 231.

abucht (abocht, abacht) a joke, jest 90.

adbann a strain of music 89. With prothetic f., fadbann, ib. N.

ad-coillim I destroy, ruin 245.

�i a cause, n. pl. �i 153, 174.

�ibne f. delightfulness 23.

aigne m. a pleader, counsel, dag-a. 178.

ailb�imm n. a reproach 30.

�ilde f. beauty 206.

aill .. aill once ... again, now ... now 235.

ainchess bodily pain, acc. cen ainchiss 119 (ainces N).

ainmne f. patience 192, 251, dat. ainmnit 143 (ainmnet N).

ainmnetach patient 174, 189.

airberntas (airnbertas) m. (?) 180, 181.

airbert a using, employing 178.

air-gorad a scorching 140.

airisiu a narration, tale, c�tna airisiu, C�ir Amn. 80. n. pl. airisena 102, 125.

airmed a certain dry measure 138. Corm. Tr. 68. eirmed, .i. tomus, 4, 3, 18, 70^a. dorat do Patraic in n-airmid mini, Trip. 186, 9.

aithech-borg m., aithech-port m. a rent-paying town 33.

aithne n. (later f.) a deposit 87, 157, 249; aithne [.s]alainn 87 L.

alaig behaviour, demeanour 86.

all n. a rock, n. pl. tr� all 200.

allabair an echo 107; O'Dav. 144.

ana wealth 147, 239.

�ne f. agility, deftness, skill 84.

an-ergnaid undignified 221.

an-faitches m. carelessness 162.

an-fiad a bad welcome 70.

an-gar unfilial, impious 159, 235.

an-idna f. impurity 109.

an-richt m. a misshapen person 84.

antrenn rough ground, gen. antreinn 147.

apaig ripe 68.

ar-cuillim I destroy, ruin 184; verb-noun, gen. aircaillti, ib. (N).

ard-nemed m. a high dignitary 157.

�rech (�rach) (1) a tie, fetter, gen. c� �raig 168; (2) a bond, surety, acc. pl. cen �irche 74; cin gealladh, cin airge, Laws II. 78, 4.

argius instruction (?), a. aiste 256. Cf. felmac fri r� na argaisi, Laws V. 364, 17.

aroslicim I open, aroslicet 204.

�rus residence, habitation 218, 239.

ata which are 68, 69, 75, 76, &c.

ataid (?) 181.

ath-chommus m. renunciation of control or authority 160.

athchosan, better athchomsan (later achmusan) a complaining 98; tossach augrai athchosan, LL. 345^b18.

augra strife 213.

aupthach veneficus 185.

aurla (1) a long lock of hair, .i. ciab, Corm. Tr. 166; (2) a person wearing aurla, a serf (?); mac aurlai (erlai) 152.

b�ithe foolishness 252.

banas m. womanhood, gen. dag-banais 180; droch-banais 181.

ban-chorr f. a she-heron 237.

ban-l� a lucky day for women 216.

belach n. a mountain-pass, n. pl. belaige 50.

be�-athair m. a live father 151. Compare the following extract from H. 3, 18, p. 19b: Cest. Cid diat� "n� nais n� torbais"? Ar at�it nadmanna naisce ni na torbongat, ar ni rochat a nadmann naisce .i. mac beoathar for a athair, c�ile for a flaith, manach for a airchindech, hulach for inn aile, ar n� tobongat d�b ar comrac, acht at� folaith gaibthi friu.

b�ss perhaps 136.

binnech melodious, b� b. 85.

birit, f. a sow, gen. birite, 148 BM.

bithbenach m. a criminal 92 B.

bocc m. a buck, he-goat, n. pl. buicc 230.

boccacht f. buckishness, obstinacy 101, 102.

bolcra (?) 231. Cf. bolcaire m. a hector, O'Gr. Cat. 584, 4.

bolc-sr�nach having distended nostrils 231.

bothach m. a hut-dweller, cottar 150.

br�n-[.f]inn stinking or rotten hair, acc. pl. -a 105.

brodna (?) gen. brodnai 230.

bronn-galar m. a disease of the abdomen 224.

brugaide f. keeping a hostel, hospitality 134.

b�adnas a triumph, excellence, n. pl. -a 88 H.

c�er comraic 121 note.

c�in-thocad m. fair fortune, dat. c�in-thocud 110.

calad hard 176; fer c. 147.

cetludche f. lustfulness 209.

c�rmaire m. a comb-maker 117.

cisne what are? 239.

clithcha f. comfort (of dress) 182.

clochrad (clochrach?) a stone building(?) (from clochur?), n. pl. tr� clochraid 34.

cl�anaige m. a rogue 90, 104.

co-cless performing feats together 125.

c�emna comfort, good cheer 6, 46.

coim (coimm) a cloak 130.

coimgne (com-ecne) synchronistic knowledge; fer coimgni 248 = fer cumocni, Rev. Celt. vi. 165, 11.

coire a caldron 220. c. �rma, c. goriath, c. �iged 127.

com-ar (W. cyf-ar) holding ploughland in common 125.

com-chissiu an examination 119.

com-l�th equally lucky 217.

comneibe (?) 169.

com-rith (fri) a racing together 117.

con-beraim I bear liabilities 168.

condailbe f. attachment, bias 193, 252.

congna (collective) horns 105, 117.

con-rannaim I share 164.

con-tibim I mock 82.

c�rad-gein a champion birth 148 BM.

crann-dretel (?) 231.

cr�sine f. piety 196.

cross�n m. a buffoon 116.

c�acr�essach (?) 231.

cuilmen a volume, tome 62.

cuinnm�ne f. kindliness 208.

daintech biting 168; gl. dentatus Sg. 159^{b}2.

debuid f. strife 98.

d�icsiu a seeing, spying, gen. d�icsen 43.

deinmne impatience, dat. deinmnait 144.

deirmitiu irreverence, gen. deirmiten 214.

derc a hole, cave 42; dat. i nderc a oxaille, LU. 70^{a}45; resiu dorattar isin deirc, Lism. fo. 43^{b}1.

d�ss f. land, acc. d�iss 167 (d�s N); acc. pl. d�issi, ib. L. See C�in Adamn�in, p. 46.

d�-ainme f. an unblemished state 119.

d�an-apud a sudden notice 235.

d�-araig a person without bonds (�rach) 235.

d�be a refusing, denying 212, LL 117^{a}43, 121^{b}9, 188^{a}2, 188^{b}33.

d�bech refusing, denying 95; .i. diultadach, C. 1, 2.

d�-chuimne f. lack of memory 245; ar dermat n� d�chumni, LL. 74^{a}30.

d�-galrae f. sicklessness 119.

d�-grad n. hatred 217.

d�mainche f. uselessness 81.

d�mainecht f. uselessness 81 H.

d�mosc (?) 172.

d�nnime f. meanness, lowliness 191; ferr trumma d�nnimi, LL. 345^{c}30. Cf. d�n[n]imus, Alex. 996.

dirna a stone 237.

d�-sce�il taleless 248.

d�thechte f. non-possession 219.

d�thir a landless person, gen. d�thir (d�thire N) 165.

d�thrub m. a desert, uninhabited place, n. pl. d�thruib 43. In the later language it is inflected like treb (n.p. d�threba 43 BM).

di�ite f. simplicity 24; LL. 294^{a}38. d. cridi, Lism. Lives 4543: Di�ide ingen Sl�nchridi, Rawl. B. 512, 112^{2}b2.

diultadach (diultach) fond of refusing 96 MB.

dl�ithe f. compactness, obscurity (?) (of speech) 179.

doas m. ignorance 245.

do-celaim I hide 84, 85.

dochell niggardliness 144; Dochall [et] D�be [et] Do[th]chernas, Rawl. B. 512, 112^{b}1.

dochlatu m. ill repute. gen. dochlatad 212.

do-chond m. an imbecile, gen. dochuind 153.

dochraite f. oppression 153. Alex. 367, atchota daidbre d., LL. 345^{c}3.

dodeime (?) 237 (todeime L).

dochta f. closeness 203.

do-delb a misshapen person, acc. la dodelb (dodeilb B) 84.

dofortaim I pour out, spill, spoil, ruin, dofortat 186; dofortatar .i. dotodsat, MI. 124^{d}12.

do-gn�s f. ill-breeding 81; gen. dogn�ise 209.

doingthe f. foulmouthedness 252; for do-thengthe.

doingthes m. id. 213.

dolud loss, damage 198; gen. m�t tar ndolaid, LL. 172^{b}33; in cach n�th ba d�el dolaid, 157^{b}14.

dommatu m. poverty 198, Alex. 847.

dorenaim I pay a fine (d�re) 158.

dotcad m. misfortune, n. pl. dotcaid 44, 64, 65, 71.

dotcadach unfortunate 135.

doth a hatching, cach d. toirthech, LL. 293^{b}48; gen. in doithe 237; dat. do duth, ib.; gen. pl. cerce tr� ndoth, O'Dav. 1375.

do-tongim I swear, n� d�toing 159.

drithlennach full of sparks 65.

dr�s f. folly; gen. dr�ise 193.

duine-chin m. human crime 168.

dul in the phrases, dul ar to go security on behalf of 235; dul fri to go security for 235. See Glossary to Laws s.v. dul.

dulbaire f. lack of eloquence, bad delivery 179.

dulsaine f. mockery 142; in cerd mac h�i Dulsine, Corm. 37. Cf. dulaige, O'Dav. 622.

d�thracht f. good will, kindliness 225.

ech usci a water-horse 236.

echmuir(?) 184.

eis�ne a young bird 237.

e� m. a salmon: gen. iach 92; n. pl., iaich, LL. 297^{a}34.

eochair a key n. pl. eochracha 204.

erchoille (?) 230.

erdonal f. a trumpeter, piper; eardanal .i. stucaire no p�obaire, BB. 65 m.s. acc. cen erdonail 253.

�rim n. a course, running, gen. �rma 127. Later fem., ar tressa na h�rma, LL. 110^{a}13.

erlam ready 239.

errad n. dress, attire: gen. erraid 233.

escaine a curse 20.

esconn excommunicated 235.

escra a cup for drawing wine 231.

�scus (�-sc�ss) m. unweariedness 110 (esces N). daurnaisce .i. aurlattu n� greschae n� escas, H. 3, 18, 80^a.

eserni (?) 231.

eserte f. landlessness, vagrancy 74.

espatu m. frivolity 214.

�tach (verb-n. of in-tugur, O'Mulc. 462) n. a dress; gen. �taig 182.

�taid jealous 95.

etargaire a separating, interposing, mediating, 135, 154; LL. 31^{b}15; dligid ugra e. 345^{d}10.

etir-chert a decision 175.

faigdech (foigdech.) m. a beggar 83, Aisl. M. 71, 21.

faiscsiu closeness (?) 192 (faicsi N).

f�ssach a precedent 178; brithemnacht ar roscadaib [et] fasaigib, LU. 118^b.

f�thaige f. the gift of prophecy 192.

f�th-rann m. a witty quatrain 89; do f�thrannaib espa [et] airchetail, Otia Mers. III., p. 47, � 2.

fechemnas m. debtorship 170.

f�ige f. sharpness, sagacity 78.

feras m. manhood, man's estate, gen. dag-ferais 196; droch-ferais 197. Cf. feras l�iginn lectorship AU.

fer-l� n. a lucky day for men 217.

fescred (feiscre N.) 118 = feascradh 'shrivelling, decaying,' O'R. Cf. feasgor .i. dealugud, Lec. Voc. 403: dligid cach forcradach f�scred, LL. 294^{a}9.

fiad a welcome. n. pl. fiada (fiad L) 70.

fidchell (?) 142.

fid-nemed n. a sacred grove, sanctuary;[TN 158] 'lucus,' BB. 469^{a}46, O'Mulc. 830, n. pl. fidnemeda f�rdorchra [et] cr�eb-chaill comd�gainn, C. Cath.

flett see plett.

fliuchaim I wet, rotfliuchus, 104.

fodb m. accoutrement, n. pl. fuidb 135.

fo-crenaim (verb-n. fochraic) I bribe 261.[TN Yes, printed as 261]

foglaid m. a robber, gen. foglada 92.

fo-gl�aisim I move (trans.) 198.

foichell f. hire, wages, gen. foichle 13.

foichne a blade of green corn 75: ith-[.f]oichne .i. foichne in etha, O'Dav. 1080.

1. foilmnech roped, leashed, c� f. 169.

2. foilmnech (fo-l�mnech) ready to leap 91, 238.

foimrimm a using, usucaption, gen. foille foimrimme, LL. 344^{c}55; n. pl. -e 163, Laws.

f�indledach m. a waif 198.

foll-derb f. a milk-pail, dat. hi foll-deirb 75, Laws.

f�indel m. a straying, n. pl. f�indil 181.

fomailt (verb-n. of fo-melim) f. usufruct 87.

fomus (verb-n. of fo-midiur) m. calculation (?) 118; b�im co fomus, LU. 73^{a}1. b�im co fommus, LL. 74^{a}26. rol�osa, ol s�, fomus forsan� sin, LU. 58 24.

fo-naidm n. a contract 202.

for-�adaim I close upon 203.

for-ind-fedaim I relate. forindet 191: O'Dav. 511.

forngaire a proclaiming 140.

forrach a measuring-rod 138, O'Don. Suppl.

for-[.s]naidm (= for-naidm, with epenthetic s) n. an overreaching (?) 186: co fornadmaim n�ad n�ir, LU. 73^{a}7.

fortgellaim I give evidence, bear witness 138.

for-tongim I swear, fortoinger (fortongar) 158.

fossad steady, firm 174 (fossaid N).

fossugud stability 28.

fosta f. staidness, steadiness 180, 187, 194, 215, 218.

fotha n. foundation, f. n-utmall 173. Cf. n� c�ir in fotha utmall, Sg. 4^b.

fothirbe a field (?) 56, Trip. 82, 2; 168, 26.

freccor (verb-n. of fris-curim) opposition, objection 154, ML 131^{a}8.

frecra (verb-n. of fris-garim) n. an answer 174.

frith-n�ill a counter-oath 165.

f�aimm n. a din, noise 146, f. nglan, LL. 150^{b}4; f. in churaig risin tracht, YBL 89^b; n. pl. f�ammann 146.

f�atche f. a snatching, carrying off 140.

fuchacht (fuichecht) f. copulation, cohabitation 155.

fuigliur I pronounce judgment, fuigletar 161.

fuirec (verb-n. of foricim) m. preparation, n. pl. fuiric 97, 98.

fuirmed a sitting, placing, gen. aithne fuirmeda, 157.

fuirsire m. a juggler 241.

g�ir a cry, shout, n. pl. g�rtha 99 M.

g�is f. wisdom 177, gen. g�isse 178, 192, 251.

g�isse f. wisdom, acc. cen g�issi 176.

gait (verb-noun of gataim) f. a taking away, carrying off, gen. fer gaite meirle 141.

gamnach f. a stripper, gen. gamnaige 234.

gart generosity 240.

gatach thievish 185.

geir (?) 231.

gen f. a smile 91, n. pl. gena, ib.

genmnaide chaste 187, genmnaide ben aenfir, H. 3, 18, 79^b.

glass m. a lock, n. pl. glais 203.

goirt salted, b�ad g. 70.

goriath (?) 127.

grainne (?) 231.

gr�ss handicraft 70, ferr g. soos, LL. 345^{c}51.

gr�ss heat, fever, ardour, fervour 224; colum co cr�bud, co ngr�s, LL. 35^{a}48.

grith a cry, shout 99, n. pl. gretha, ib.

gr�ss (?) 143.

g�ala a large vessel, vat 255; n. pl. g�ala, ib. Cf. iern-g�ala.

�ach (a late nom. formed from the oblique cases of e�) m. a salmon, gen. iaich 92, L.

�arduibe f. after-grief 67. Cf. �arnduba.

�armur f. remnant, leavings 65.

�arnduba f. after-grief 125, 141.

�arraid foster-fee 149.

im-b�nad a growing pale 188.

im-gellad a pledging oneself 101.

immarchor a conveying about or across 239.

immed n. plenty 178, 225.

imreson, O. Ir. imbressan (verb-n. of im-fresnaim) f. a wrangling 101, 252, acc. pro nom. imresain 193.

imraichne a mistake 101, imraithne 229 N.

im-thomailt f. food 149.

im-crenaim pay or buy mutually, imuscrenat 170.

ind-chosc m. an indication, n. pl. ind-choisc 254.

in-crenaim I pay, buy 155. Enclitic: n� �criae. �riu 1., p. 199, �21.

�r f. wrath 188. O'Dav. 1103.

itfa (?) 231. Cf. itfaide toile, LL. 344^{c}36.

labor talkative 248; bat l. fri labra, bat t� fri t�, LL. 346^{a}12.

l�n the full-tide 237.

laxa f. inertness 212.

l�n sloth 243; tossach lubra l�n, LL. 345^{b}33.

lethiu broader, wider 235.

lia m. a stone, dat. liic 147.

lit�nacht f. singing the litany, 14.

lobra = lomrad a stripping 218; gen. lomartha, ib.

luaithrind a pair of compasses, gen. l�d -e 118; fo chosmailius luaithrinde, Corm. 13, s.v. Coire Brec�in.

luchra a smile 238.

l�d = l�th agility, quick motion 118. Wi. nimtha l�d hi cois n� il-l�im, LU. 16^{a}5.

mad well, n� mad b�adsam, n� mad r�adsam 236.

m�il blunt; simple-minded, witless, ingen m. 114.

m�ile f. lewdness 228; ben m�ile 223.

marb-dil dead chattel, Laws. acc. pl. marbdili 105.

med a balance, scales 138.

meirle f. theft 141.

mer-aichne a mistake 229.

meraige m. a fool, fop 103.

m�-airle evil counsel 243; tossach m�arli malartcha, LL. 345^{b}37.

midlachas m. cowardice 197.

m�-gairm n. an evil cry, nom. du. d� m. 124.

miscne, miscena (n. pl.) hatreds 179, 248.

m�-thocad m. misfortune, ill-luck, gen. m�thocaid 124; dat. m�thocod 109.

mblecht (mblicht) in milk 146.

m�aigim I increase, verb-n. gen. m�aigthe 146.

muille�ir m. a miller, gen. muille�rach 234.

muimme f. a nurse, n. pl. muime 246, 247, muimmecha 130.

muin neck, back, in the phrase do m. 232 = de mhuin because of, in consequence of, Dinneen.

nemed, m. a privileged person, gen. nemid filed 255.

nem-idna f. impurity 109 BM.

nemthigur I constitute, neimthigedar 116-123, 202: Corm. s.v. n�th: rofogluim sium in tr�ide nemthigius filid, Megn. Finn 19.

ne�it churlishness, niggardliness 144.

ness (1) .i. aurnise criad a clay furnace, H. 3, 18, 73b; gen. fri derc a neis, Corm. 33, 2; (2) the wooden mould or block in which the furnace of moist, soft clay, was formed;[128] b�i crann ina l�im .i. neas a ainm [et] is uime dogn�ther an urnise criad, Corm. 32 s. v. nescoit; (3) .i. m�la cr� a bag of (moulding) clay H. 1, 15.

[128] I owe this explanation to Dr. P.W. Joyce.

n�ill an oath 165 (n�ill N); n. pl. n�ill, ib.

och�n an urging, egging on 112. Cf. achain, Boroma 122.

ochtrach (later otrach) f. a dunghill, ML 129^{c}2; dat. for ochtraig 117 (otrach N).

�c-thigern m. a franklin 71.

�il f. a cheek, gen. �ile 116.

oirce a lap-dog 241.

ordan dignity, gen. ordain 246, 254. With Triad 246, compare the following extract from H. 3, 18, p. 9b: Secht rann fichet (xx .i. MS) triasa (friasa MS) toet feab [et] ordan (ordain MS) do duine: tria gaireui, tria ainmnit, tria [.f]ostai, tria th�i, tria forsadi, tria fogluim, tri domestai, tri �tsecht f�rindi, tri chocad fri cl�ine, tri indarba anfis, tri thochur[i]ud fis, tri trebairei, tri coitsecht fri forrsaidi, tri frecmorc f�ren, tri filidhecht t�chtai, tri ailge auscuichthi, tri airmitin sen, tri denam sinsire, tri ermitin flatha, tri airmidin ecnai, tri honoi[r] fithidre, tri timorgain cuibsi n� gn�isi, tri idhnai l�mai, tri congain cuibsi, tri imr�d b�[i]s, tria imr�d n� d�csin i nDia na nd�la.

paitt f. a leather bottle, p. meda, LL. 117^{a}50; LU. 54^{b}22; gen. paitte 231; na paitte, LL. 117^{b}2; du. n. d� phait [.f]�na, LB. 129^{a}.

plett (flett) f. an edge 121; plet .i. nomen rinda dogn�at cerda, H. 3, 18, p. 73: fl�t, O'R.

prap-chaillte (literally 'sudden hardness') f. closefistedness 212.

r�th f. security, surety 235; gen. r�tha 139.

r�thaiges m. guarantorship 135, 248.

rathmaire f. bountifulness 211.

recl�s an abbey-church 11.

reithe m. a ram 117, 168.

rige a stretching, extending 116.

rigne (raigne) f. stiffness 179: LL. 212^{b}15; rigne labartha, 345^{d}10.

roimse abundance 202.

ronn a chain 121.

rop m. a brute, n. pl. ruip, 168, 169. With Triad 168 compare the following extract from H. 3, 18, p. 8^{b}: Rofesar rupu tria f�indel caich laithiu dosliat fiachui d�ine do cethrai .i. each cen cuibrich cech tr�thai, c� cen cuibrech n� cen lomain laithe, muiccai cen mucalaig ndorcha.

ros-chullach m. a stallion 114.

ro-th� very hot, scalding 70; Aisl. M.

rucca f. shame 143.

ruire m. a king, gen. pl. ruirech 202.

r�ss a blushing 143; O'Dav. 1336, 1343, r�s .i. gr�aid, ut dicitur: co nach romna r�s richt. R�s dono imdergad [et] gach nderg, H. 3, 18, 73^c.

sail a beam, prop, n. pl. sailge 101.

saill f. fat, bacon 170; gen. cia tiget na saille, LB. 260^{b}20; n pl. saillti 184.

sain-chor m. a special contract, gen. -chuir 151.

sal�nach dirty, filthy, n. pl. salanaig 230.

saltraim I trample, rosaltrus 104.

s�mtha repose 189.

sant f. avarice 115.

scenb a startling (?) n. pl. scenb 106.

sc�o and 223.

scol�c a young student 233.

secnabb�ite f. vice-abbotship 46.

seche a hide, skin 230.

s�gainn accomplished; an accomplished person, n. pl. s�gainni, 89 (s�gaind M s�gainn N); n� rabha i nEirinn uile budh griabhdha n� bud segaine in�s, Three Fragm. 34.

seim a rivet 172.

seol (seola) child-bed 224.

s�recht f. a tabu, .i. geis, O'Dav. 1482, who quotes triad 253.

sirite m. a wild man, sprite 114.

sit hush! 137; sit sit! Hib. Min. 78, 23.

sleith f. cohabiting with a woman without her knowledge 155; Aisl. M. O'Dav. 97.

sliss�n a chip, lath 169.

sn�th f. a thread, gen. sn�ithe 75.

so-b�s m. good manners 84.

sobraid sober 251; sobraig, LL. 343^{d}3; sobraig c�ch co haltram, LL. 345^{d}45.

sobraide f. sobriety 187, 251.

sochell liberality 210; LL. 345^{b}39.

sochlatu m. good repute, gen. sochlatad 211.

sochoisc docile 251; n. pl. -e, CZ. III. 451, 28.

sochoisce f. docility 194; tossach suthi s., LL. 345^{b}23.

so-delb f. a fine figure 85.

so-gn�s f. good breeding 210; gen. sogn�ise 208.

soithnges m. wellspokenness 208, 251.

soitcedach fortunate 239.

somnath (^{x}so-m�nad) easily taught, docile 251. Cf. O'Dav. 1481.

somnathe f. docility 251.

s�n that 239.

sotcad m. good fortune, gen. sotcaid 210.

sotla f. pride 247.

so-thengtha well-spoken 251.

sproicept a preaching 111 B. sproicepht M.

sreb f. 'the stream of milk drawn from a cow's teats at each tug,' Dinneen; gen. sreibe, 75 L.

sreb immais 112 note.

srithid f. 'the passage of milk from the breast.' O'R.: gen. srithide 75.

sruithe f. seniority 5.

sta hush! 137; Bodl. Corm. stata, Hib. Min. 78, 1.

s�arcus m. mirth 210.

suirge f. a courting, wooing, 247.

suthaine f. lastingness, 182.

tacra a pleading, t. fergach 173 = LL. 345^{d}23.

tairisiu m. trustfulness 204.

tairismige f. obduracy 209.

tair-leimm n. an alighting, a place of alighting; geis d� tochim cen tairlim, LL. 201^{a}11: n. pl. tairleme, 32.

taisec restitution, restoration 157. Laws, Aisl. M.

tal-chaire f. self-will, obstinacy 131.

tarcud a proposing 72, 73; t. do drochmn�i, Aisl. M. 73, 26.

tarsunn m. a sauce; tarsand, O'Mulc. 612: n. pl. tarsuinn 184 (tarsunn L): torsnu, Aisl. M. 99, 7.

tascor a retinue, t. r�g 71, t. r�g n� espuic, O'Dav. 1501.

1. t�ite f. wantonness 18.

2. t�ite a fair, gathering 88.

tenn (teinn, tinn) sore, hurting, cluiche t. 90. Cf. m�an leisan laoch l�aiter linn | cluiche � n�ch biad duine tinn a game by which no one is hurt, Bruss. MS. 2569, fo. 65^a.

tirdacht f. boorishness 229.

tl�s f. weariness 132, 133.

togn�m. m. (?) 219.

toicthiu (?) 131.

toimtiu f. opinion 136. Cf. mac toimten 'son of conjecture,' O'Dav. 1596.

tothucht substance 85. BB. 19^{b}14.

tradna a corncrake 129.

trecheng a triad. For O.-Ir. trethenc, Wb. 29^{c}5 (Thes. I. 691).

trichem a fit of coughing; sen-t. 114. mod. tritheamh.

trichtach example, pattern (?) 27. is � didiu in fer sin ropo trichtach do Chorinntib ara techtatis an indmus amal n� techtatis, LB. 146^{a}32; ropo trichtach tra don eclais d�lgedaig fo chosmailius ingen n-�g n� tabrat olc ar olc, acbt logud, ib.

tromdatu m. importunity 214.

tromm m. the elder-tree 129; gen. connud truimm, RC. VII., 298, 3.

tr� a doomed person, dat. robud do throich 83 = Aisl. M. 71, 20.

trumma f. weightiness, self-importance 131.

trusca f. leprosy 133 N.; clam-trusca AU. 950.

tuilf�th a frown 142.

tuisledach stumbling, offending 96 N.

turtugud a compelling, forcing, violating 155: is tar turtugud nD� [et] Patraic cach gell [et] cach aitire, C�in Domn.; LU. 74^{a}19, 123^{a}17; turtugud breth, LL. 344^{b}; turrtugad .i. timpud, H. 3, 18, 539^{b}; a turtad .i. per uim, O'Dav. 1151; turtad .i. com�icniugud, O'Mulc. H. 3, 18, 74^{b}, 866.

uais hard, difficult 220, 235; coruice uais n� angbocht, .i. is � iu t-uais n� n� raibe aice f�in, O'Dav. 112.

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